the five powerful rulers who held leadership over the other feudal lords during the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC); while lists vary, the most common includes Duke Huan of Qi 齐桓公qíhuángōng, Duke Xiang of Song 宋襄公sòngxiānggōng, Duke Wen of Jin 晋文公jìnwéngōng, Duke Mu of Qin 秦穆公qínmùgōng, and King Zhuang of Chu 楚庄王chǔzhuāngwáng
