chēngwěi
toils of a gentleman
- toils of a gentleman
- Metaphor for the exhaustion and hard work of a scholar-official or gentleman in service to the ruler, based on the 诗经 shījīng imagery of a fish with a reddened tail from overexertion
- suffering of the people
- Metaphor for the hardships and exhaustion of common people living under oppressive or cruel governance