前
qián HSK1

in front

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approved by cochleoid · Jun 2, 2022, 05:13 AM · Reviewed by cochleoid on Jun 2, 2022, 05:13 AM

Tried to cram in the newer etymology and reflect this in the components

Changed fields: hint, originalMeaning, components, customSources

Original meaning: cut

Phonetic loan, originally from 歬. 歬 depicts washing feet but became used phonetically to mean both "cut" and "in front". An added 刂 (knife) once distinguished 前 as the original form of "cut", but later this too became used phonetically for the current meaning "in front". A later 刀 (knife) continues to distinguish 剪 as the current form of "cut", which left "in front" to become the sole meaning of 前.

Components

歬
歬 Sound component

Depicts washing feet. Once the phonetic loan for both "cut" and "in front".

Change in form
Due to historical stylistic changes, this component is less similar to 歬 than it was in ancient scripts.
刂
刂 Iconic component
Change in meaning
刂 hints at the original meaning of 前, "cut", which is no longer the most common meaning of 前 in modern Mandarin.

Character Evolution

Bronze form
Bronze Mid Western Zhou ~900 BC
Bronze form
Bronze Late Western Zhou ~800 BC
Seal form
Seal Warring States (Chu) 475-221 BC
Seal form
Seal Warring States (Chu) 475-221 BC
Seal form
Seal Warring States (Chu) 475-221 BC
Seal form
Seal Warring States (Chu) 475-221 BC
Seal form
Seal Warring States (Chu) 475-221 BC
Seal form
Seal Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Qin 221-206 BC
Regular Modern

Historical Pronunciations

Middle ChineseOld ChineseGloss
Baxter-Sagartdzen[dz]ˤen
(~ *m-dzˤen)
before

說文解字

《說文》:“歬,不行而進謂之歬。从止在舟上。”

Sources

Character origin
漢語多功能字庫The Outlier Linguistics Dictionary of Chinese Characters
Readings & variants
Unicode
Historical pronunciations
Baxter-Sagart
Historical images
Academia Sinica