qián HSK1

in front

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approved by cochleoid · Jun 2, 2022, 05:13 AM · Reviewed by cochleoid on Jun 2, 2022, 05:13 AM

Tried to cram in the newer etymology and reflect this in the components

Changed fields: hint, originalMeaning, components, customSources

Original meaning: cut

Phonetic loan, originally from . depicts washing feet but became used phonetically to mean both "cut" and "in front". An added (knife) once distinguished as the original form of "cut", but later this too became used phonetically for the current meaning "in front". A later (knife) continues to distinguish as the current form of "cut", which left "in front" to become the sole meaning of .

Components

Sound component

Depicts washing feet. Once the phonetic loan for both "cut" and "in front".

Change in form
Due to historical stylistic changes, this component is less similar to than it was in ancient scripts.
Iconic component
Change in meaning
hints at the original meaning of , "cut", which is no longer the most common meaning of in modern Mandarin.

Character Evolution

Bronze form
Bronze Mid Western Zhou ~900 BC
Bronze form
Bronze Late Western Zhou ~800 BC
Seal form
Seal Warring States (Chu) 475-221 BC
Seal form
Seal Warring States (Chu) 475-221 BC
Seal form
Seal Warring States (Chu) 475-221 BC
Seal form
Seal Warring States (Chu) 475-221 BC
Seal form
Seal Warring States (Chu) 475-221 BC
Seal form
Seal Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Qin 221-206 BC
Regular Modern

Historical Pronunciations

Middle ChineseOld ChineseGloss
Baxter-Sagartdzen[dz]ˤen
(~ *m-dzˤen)
before

說文解字

《說文》:“歬,不行而進謂之歬。从止在舟上。”

Sources

Character origin
漢語多功能字庫The Outlier Linguistics Dictionary of Chinese Characters
Readings & variants
Unicode
Historical pronunciations
Baxter-Sagart
Historical images
Academia Sinica