Phonetic loan, originally from 歬. 歬 depicts washing feet but became used phonetically to mean both "cut" and "in front". An added 刂 (knife) once distinguished 前 as the original form of "cut", but later this too became used phonetically for the current meaning "in front". A later 刀 (knife) continues to distinguish 剪 as the current form of "cut", which left "in front" to become the sole meaning of 前.
刂 hints at the original meaning of 前, "cut",
which is no longer the most common meaning of 前 in modern Mandarin.
Character Evolution
BronzeMid Western Zhou~900 BCBronzeLate Western Zhou~800 BCSealWarring States (Chu)475-221 BCSealWarring States (Chu)475-221 BCSealWarring States (Chu)475-221 BCSealWarring States (Chu)475-221 BCSealWarring States (Chu)475-221 BCSealWestern Han202 BC-9 ADSealShuowen~100 ADClericalQin221-206 BCRegularModern
Historical Pronunciations
Middle Chinese
Old Chinese
Gloss
Baxter-Sagart
dzen
[dz]ˤen (~ *m-dzˤen)
before
說文解字
《說文》:“歬,不行而進謂之歬。从止在舟上。”
Sources
Character origin
漢語多功能字庫The Outlier Linguistics Dictionary of Chinese Characters