jǐn

clay

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approved by Prismcool · Mar 23, 2026, 03:29 PM · Reviewed by Prismcool on Mar 23, 2026, 03:29 PM

Because, this was the result of the component 𦰩 fusing together with 土, which in turn 堇 looks identical to 𦰩. Both graphs contain a depiction of a criminal (or person with their arms crossed, depending on the interpretation) with their mouth open, so that's why the two look identical to each other.

Original meaning: burn a person alive as a sacrifice

Pictograph of burning a tortured person (𦰩) over fire () as sacrifice, now written as . The meaning later shifted to "bake", "dry out", and "clay".

Components

𦰩
𦰩 SoundIconic component

Depicts a tortured person sighing.

Iconic component

Modern form looks like , but is unrelated.

Change in form
Due to historical stylistic changes, this component is less similar to than it was in ancient scripts.

Character Evolution

Bronze form
Bronze Mid Western Zhou ~900 BC
Bronze form
Bronze Late Western Zhou ~800 BC
Bronze form
Bronze Late Spring and Autumn ~500 BC
Bronze form
Bronze Early Warring States ~400 BC
Seal form
Seal Warring States (Chu) 475-221 BC
Seal form
Seal Warring States (Chu) 475-221 BC
Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Qin 221-206 BC
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Regular Modern

Historical Pronunciations

Middle ChineseOld ChineseGloss
Baxter-Sagartgin[g]rə[r] time, season
kj+nXkə[r]ʔ (a kind of vegetable)
gin[g]rə[r] clay

說文解字

《說文》:“堇,黏土也。从土,从黄省。、皆古文堇。”

Sources

Character origin
李学勤《字源》p.1198季旭昇《說文新證》p.912
Historical pronunciations
Baxter-Sagart
Historical images
Academia Sinica