忡
chōng

a sad

Phonosemantic compound. 忄 represents the meaning and 中 represents the sound.

Components

忄
忄 Meaning component
xin, xīn heart

忄 is a component form of 心.

中
中 Sound component
zhōng, zhòng central

Character Evolution

Seal form
Seal Warring States (Chu) 475-221 BC
Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Regular Modern

Historical Pronunciations

Middle ChineseOld ChineseGloss
Baxter-Sagarttrhjuwngtʰruŋgrieved, agitated
Zhengzhangtʰuŋ

說文解字

憂也。从心中聲。《詩》曰：“憂心忡忡。”

Sources

Readings & variants
Unicode
Historical pronunciations
Baxter-SagartZhengzhang Shangfang
Historical images
Academia Sinica
Etymology
Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字)