{"type":"character","character":{"character":"廉","codepoint":"U+5EC9","gloss":"upright","iconicGloss":null,"hint":null,"originalMeaning":null,"strokeCountSimp":13,"strokeCountTrad":13,"isVerified":true,"components":[{"type":["meaning"],"character":"广","pinyin":["guǎng"],"gloss":"roof","iconicGloss":null},{"type":["sound"],"character":"兼","pinyin":["jiān"],"gloss":"double","iconicGloss":null}],"customSources":["漢語多功能字庫|http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E5%BB%89"],"simplifiedVariants":null,"traditionalVariants":null,"variantOf":null,"junDaRank":1818,"junDaFrequency":8854,"junDaPerMillion":45.7561558230796,"subtlexRank":1736,"subtlexCount":1417,"subtlexPerMillion":30.25,"subtlexContextDiversity":579,"hsk2Level":6,"hsk3Level":7,"strokeDataSimp":{"source":"dong","medians":[[[458,830],[529,790],[549,761]],[[335,682],[352,674],[382,673],[529,696],[674,728],[714,728]],[[271,702],[306,658],[290,512],[262,375],[231,278],[201,214],[131,103],[88,57]],[[427,627],[470,589],[479,573]],[[664,659],[632,657],[574,568]],[[343,517],[387,510],[698,567],[760,563]],[[354,411],[398,404],[521,432],[688,457],[701,451],[722,426],[689,293],[673,283]],[[288,307],[325,300],[531,334],[784,365],[818,364],[870,351]],[[333,214],[353,207],[371,209],[660,252],[705,250],[726,242]],[[429,493],[462,466],[464,436],[457,144],[435,14],[436,-32]],[[551,515],[571,501],[574,472],[574,-66]],[[437,196],[407,150],[359,104],[279,49],[225,29]],[[603,213],[655,150],[754,67],[808,49],[918,30]]],"strokes":["M 475 799 Q 499 780 524 758 Q 536 748 549 749 Q 558 749 561 760 Q 565 773 556 797 Q 552 813 525 824 Q 468 845 452 839 Q 448 835 449 825 Q 453 815 475 799 Z","M 618 692 Q 636 696 657 699 Q 714 711 722 718 Q 731 725 726 733 Q 720 743 694 752 Q 669 758 569 727 Q 449 700 337 689 Q 330 689 329 687 C 300 681 313 669 342 661 Q 382 649 416 656 Q 507 672 604 689 L 618 692 Z","M 329 687 Q 316 699 296 708 Q 278 718 266 714 Q 254 708 260 695 Q 278 662 274 611 Q 253 403 210 288 Q 171 191 87 69 Q 83 63 80 57 Q 77 47 87 49 Q 127 56 208 185 Q 218 204 230 224 Q 299 365 321 549 Q 328 624 342 661 C 346 674 346 674 329 687 Z","M 420 619 Q 459 562 478 559 Q 488 558 493 570 Q 494 580 490 595 Q 472 626 425 638 Q 418 639 417 632 Q 416 626 420 619 Z","M 583 560 Q 646 630 669 647 Q 684 657 672 670 Q 644 691 618 692 L 604 689 Q 597 686 602 677 Q 608 659 555 554 C 542 527 563 538 583 560 Z","M 581 526 Q 594 529 752 552 Q 762 551 769 561 Q 770 571 751 580 Q 724 601 645 575 Q 614 568 583 560 L 555 554 Q 488 542 348 525 Q 323 521 342 507 Q 372 486 407 493 Q 413 494 422 496 L 458 503 Q 495 512 544 520 L 581 526 Z","M 707 270 Q 716 304 723 335 L 740 382 Q 749 401 763 414 Q 781 436 755 450 Q 733 466 708 479 Q 693 489 674 480 Q 649 470 608 463 Q 601 462 594 460 L 551 453 Q 517 449 486 440 L 442 431 Q 393 422 359 418 Q 346 419 345 412 Q 342 405 363 394 Q 382 381 409 389 Q 427 395 445 398 L 484 407 Q 508 414 552 419 L 595 425 Q 626 429 665 434 Q 677 435 681 429 Q 688 419 684 372 L 678 333 Q 672 308 665 277 C 658 248 699 241 707 270 Z","M 723 335 Q 762 338 858 338 Q 874 339 879 346 Q 883 356 869 368 Q 821 404 758 386 Q 749 385 740 382 L 684 372 Q 642 366 595 357 L 553 351 Q 516 347 480 340 L 445 335 Q 370 328 290 315 Q 272 314 286 299 Q 298 287 314 282 Q 332 278 345 282 Q 391 295 445 305 L 479 311 Q 521 320 553 321 L 596 327 Q 632 331 678 333 L 723 335 Z","M 609 221 Q 660 228 722 232 Q 734 233 735 242 Q 735 251 707 270 L 665 277 Q 661 278 596 264 L 553 255 Q 513 248 477 241 L 444 236 Q 387 230 336 224 Q 314 223 328 204 Q 335 194 345 190 Q 355 187 370 190 Q 392 196 422 199 L 476 207 Q 510 213 553 216 L 609 221 Z","M 422 496 Q 431 472 442 431 L 445 398 Q 445 368 445 335 L 445 305 Q 445 268 444 236 L 436 150 Q 429 98 412 45 Q 405 23 409 5 Q 416 -25 426 -36 Q 436 -49 445 -36 Q 473 -5 475 182 Q 475 195 476 207 L 477 241 Q 477 274 479 311 L 480 340 Q 481 380 484 407 L 486 440 Q 487 456 490 465 Q 491 481 478 489 Q 468 498 458 503 C 433 519 412 524 422 496 Z","M 594 460 Q 594 517 593 517 Q 587 523 581 526 C 560 548 537 549 544 520 Q 548 510 550 491 Q 550 473 551 453 L 552 419 Q 552 386 553 351 L 553 321 Q 553 290 553 255 L 553 216 Q 553 125 545 -4 Q 542 -43 565 -70 Q 575 -83 584 -67 Q 599 -36 600 29 Q 597 66 597 126 Q 597 160 596 193 L 596 264 Q 596 295 596 327 L 595 357 Q 595 391 595 424 Q 594 425 595 425 L 594 460 Z","M 422 199 Q 358 112 224 35 Q 214 28 220 25 Q 235 16 294 42 Q 346 64 417 132 Q 427 144 436 150 C 494 195 440 223 422 199 Z","M 596 193 Q 653 118 716 46 Q 735 24 771 20 Q 835 13 904 22 Q 922 23 923 27 Q 926 34 912 40 Q 726 115 652 181 Q 631 200 609 221 C 587 242 573 223 596 193 Z"]},"strokeDataTrad":{"source":"dong","medians":[[[458,830],[529,790],[549,761]],[[335,682],[352,674],[382,673],[529,696],[674,728],[714,728]],[[271,702],[306,658],[290,512],[262,375],[231,278],[201,214],[131,103],[88,57]],[[427,627],[470,589],[479,573]],[[664,659],[632,657],[574,568]],[[343,517],[387,510],[698,567],[760,563]],[[354,411],[398,404],[521,432],[688,457],[701,451],[722,426],[689,293],[673,283]],[[288,307],[325,300],[531,334],[784,365],[818,364],[870,351]],[[333,214],[353,207],[371,209],[660,252],[705,250],[726,242]],[[429,493],[462,466],[464,436],[457,144],[435,14],[436,-32]],[[551,515],[571,501],[574,472],[574,-66]],[[437,196],[407,150],[359,104],[279,49],[225,29]],[[603,213],[655,150],[754,67],[808,49],[918,30]]],"strokes":["M 475 799 Q 499 780 524 758 Q 536 748 549 749 Q 558 749 561 760 Q 565 773 556 797 Q 552 813 525 824 Q 468 845 452 839 Q 448 835 449 825 Q 453 815 475 799 Z","M 618 692 Q 636 696 657 699 Q 714 711 722 718 Q 731 725 726 733 Q 720 743 694 752 Q 669 758 569 727 Q 449 700 337 689 Q 330 689 329 687 C 300 681 313 669 342 661 Q 382 649 416 656 Q 507 672 604 689 L 618 692 Z","M 329 687 Q 316 699 296 708 Q 278 718 266 714 Q 254 708 260 695 Q 278 662 274 611 Q 253 403 210 288 Q 171 191 87 69 Q 83 63 80 57 Q 77 47 87 49 Q 127 56 208 185 Q 218 204 230 224 Q 299 365 321 549 Q 328 624 342 661 C 346 674 346 674 329 687 Z","M 420 619 Q 459 562 478 559 Q 488 558 493 570 Q 494 580 490 595 Q 472 626 425 638 Q 418 639 417 632 Q 416 626 420 619 Z","M 583 560 Q 646 630 669 647 Q 684 657 672 670 Q 644 691 618 692 L 604 689 Q 597 686 602 677 Q 608 659 555 554 C 542 527 563 538 583 560 Z","M 581 526 Q 594 529 752 552 Q 762 551 769 561 Q 770 571 751 580 Q 724 601 645 575 Q 614 568 583 560 L 555 554 Q 488 542 348 525 Q 323 521 342 507 Q 372 486 407 493 Q 413 494 422 496 L 458 503 Q 495 512 544 520 L 581 526 Z","M 707 270 Q 716 304 723 335 L 740 382 Q 749 401 763 414 Q 781 436 755 450 Q 733 466 708 479 Q 693 489 674 480 Q 649 470 608 463 Q 601 462 594 460 L 551 453 Q 517 449 486 440 L 442 431 Q 393 422 359 418 Q 346 419 345 412 Q 342 405 363 394 Q 382 381 409 389 Q 427 395 445 398 L 484 407 Q 508 414 552 419 L 595 425 Q 626 429 665 434 Q 677 435 681 429 Q 688 419 684 372 L 678 333 Q 672 308 665 277 C 658 248 699 241 707 270 Z","M 723 335 Q 762 338 858 338 Q 874 339 879 346 Q 883 356 869 368 Q 821 404 758 386 Q 749 385 740 382 L 684 372 Q 642 366 595 357 L 553 351 Q 516 347 480 340 L 445 335 Q 370 328 290 315 Q 272 314 286 299 Q 298 287 314 282 Q 332 278 345 282 Q 391 295 445 305 L 479 311 Q 521 320 553 321 L 596 327 Q 632 331 678 333 L 723 335 Z","M 609 221 Q 660 228 722 232 Q 734 233 735 242 Q 735 251 707 270 L 665 277 Q 661 278 596 264 L 553 255 Q 513 248 477 241 L 444 236 Q 387 230 336 224 Q 314 223 328 204 Q 335 194 345 190 Q 355 187 370 190 Q 392 196 422 199 L 476 207 Q 510 213 553 216 L 609 221 Z","M 422 496 Q 431 472 442 431 L 445 398 Q 445 368 445 335 L 445 305 Q 445 268 444 236 L 436 150 Q 429 98 412 45 Q 405 23 409 5 Q 416 -25 426 -36 Q 436 -49 445 -36 Q 473 -5 475 182 Q 475 195 476 207 L 477 241 Q 477 274 479 311 L 480 340 Q 481 380 484 407 L 486 440 Q 487 456 490 465 Q 491 481 478 489 Q 468 498 458 503 C 433 519 412 524 422 496 Z","M 594 460 Q 594 517 593 517 Q 587 523 581 526 C 560 548 537 549 544 520 Q 548 510 550 491 Q 550 473 551 453 L 552 419 Q 552 386 553 351 L 553 321 Q 553 290 553 255 L 553 216 Q 553 125 545 -4 Q 542 -43 565 -70 Q 575 -83 584 -67 Q 599 -36 600 29 Q 597 66 597 126 Q 597 160 596 193 L 596 264 Q 596 295 596 327 L 595 357 Q 595 391 595 424 Q 594 425 595 425 L 594 460 Z","M 422 199 Q 358 112 224 35 Q 214 28 220 25 Q 235 16 294 42 Q 346 64 417 132 Q 427 144 436 150 C 494 195 440 223 422 199 Z","M 596 193 Q 653 118 716 46 Q 735 24 771 20 Q 835 13 904 22 Q 922 23 923 27 Q 926 34 912 40 Q 726 115 652 181 Q 631 200 609 221 C 587 242 573 223 596 193 Z"]},"fragmentsSimp":[[0,1,2],[3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]],"fragmentsTrad":null,"historicalImages":[{"era":"Shuowen (~100 AD)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E5%BB%89_0.png","type":"Seal","source":"academia-sinica","description":"說文‧广部"},{"era":"Qin dynasty (221-206 BC)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E5%BB%89_1.png","type":"Clerical","source":"academia-sinica","description":"睡虎地簡8.9(隸)秦"},{"era":"Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E5%BB%89_2.png","type":"Clerical","source":"academia-sinica","description":"相馬經23上(隸)西漢"},{"era":"Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E5%BB%89_3.png","type":"Clerical","source":"academia-sinica","description":"武威簡.有司6(隸)西漢"},{"era":"Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E5%BB%89_4.png","type":"Clerical","source":"academia-sinica","description":"楊淮表紀(隸)東漢"},{"era":"Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E5%BB%89_5.png","type":"Clerical","source":"academia-sinica","description":"曹全碑陰(隸)東漢"}],"historicalPronunciations":[{"gloss":"frugal","pinyin":"lián","source":"baxter-sagart","oldChinese":"*(k-)rem ","middleChinese":"ljem"},{"gloss":"angle","pinyin":"lián","source":"baxter-sagart","oldChinese":"*[r]em ","middleChinese":"ljem"}],"shuowenExplanation":"《說文》：“廉，仄也。从广，兼聲。”","shuowenPronunciation":"力兼切","shuowenPinyin":"lian","pinyinFrequencies":[{"count":13,"pinyin":"lián"}],"pinyin":["lián"]},"componentUses":[{"type":"sound","characters":[{"character":"镰","isVerified":false},{"character":"濂","isVerified":false},{"character":"臁","isVerified":false},{"character":"蠊","isVerified":false},{"character":"鐮","isVerified":false},{"character":"簾","isVerified":true}],"verifiedCount":1}],"commonWords":[{"simplified":"廉","traditional":"廉","pinyin":"lian2","gloss":"incorruptible","definition":"possessing integrity and being honest, especially regarding money and power","perMillion":25.270445285898},{"simplified":"威廉","traditional":"威廉","pinyin":"Wei1 lian2","gloss":"William","definition":"William or Wilhelm (name)","perMillion":16.63},{"simplified":"廉政","traditional":"廉政","pinyin":"lian2 zheng4","gloss":"clean government","definition":"an administration or political system characterized by transparency, integrity, and a lack of bribery","perMillion":13.4976294680097},{"simplified":"廉价","traditional":"廉價","pinyin":"lian2 jia4","gloss":"cheap","definition":"cheaply-priced; low-cost","perMillion":9.13197873362842},{"simplified":"廉洁","traditional":"廉潔","pinyin":"lian2 jie2","gloss":"incorruptible","definition":"incorruptible; unbribable; honest","perMillion":4.313282258353},{"simplified":"反腐倡廉","traditional":"反腐倡廉","pinyin":"fan3 fu3 chang4 lian2","gloss":"anti-corruption","definition":"to fight corruption and promote integrity","perMillion":3.49700324407381},{"simplified":"价廉物美","traditional":"價廉物美","pinyin":"jia4 lian2 wu4 mei3","gloss":"good value","definition":"inexpensive and of good quality","perMillion":2.71657485993571},{"simplified":"清廉","traditional":"清廉","pinyin":"qing1 lian2","gloss":"incorruptible","definition":"honest and free from corruption, especially describing a government official or administration","perMillion":1.87862613143791},{"simplified":"物美价廉","traditional":"物美價廉","pinyin":"wu4 mei3 jia4 lian2","gloss":"bargain","definition":"describing goods that are of high quality and sold at a low price","perMillion":1.70282526363492},{"simplified":"廉耻","traditional":"廉恥","pinyin":"lian2 chi3","gloss":"sense of honor","definition":"a sense of integrity, morality, and shame","perMillion":1.01},{"simplified":"低廉","traditional":"低廉","pinyin":"di1 lian2","gloss":"inexpensive","definition":"cheap; low-priced","perMillion":0.48},{"simplified":"养廉","traditional":"養廉","pinyin":"yang3 lian2","gloss":"encourage honesty","definition":"to foster incorruptibility and discourage corruption, often through institutional or financial means","perMillion":0.288345290423692},{"simplified":"威廉斯堡","traditional":"威廉斯堡","pinyin":"Wei1 lian2 si1 bao3","gloss":"Williamsburg","definition":"Williamsburg, Virginia","perMillion":0.27},{"simplified":"孝廉","traditional":"孝廉","pinyin":"xiao4 lian2","gloss":"examination subject","definition":"The 'Filial and Incorrupt' civil service categories in the Han dynasty, which later became a single examination subject during the Ming and Qing dynasties.","perMillion":0.197895478378831},{"simplified":"威廉·莎士比亚","traditional":"威廉·莎士比亞","pinyin":"Wei1 lian2 · Sha1 shi4 bi3 ya4","gloss":"William Shakespeare","definition":"William Shakespeare (1564-1616), English poet and playwright","perMillion":0.18},{"simplified":"礼义廉耻","traditional":"禮義廉恥","pinyin":"li3 yi4 lian2 chi3","gloss":"four social bonds","definition":"Propriety, justice, integrity, and a sense of shame; the four traditional moral principles of society.","perMillion":0.153759369271797},{"simplified":"廉江市","traditional":"廉江市","pinyin":"Lian2 jiang1 Shi4","gloss":"Lianjiang","definition":"Lianjiang, a county-level city in Zhanjiang City, Guangdong","perMillion":0.102771806404466},{"simplified":"清正廉明","traditional":"清正廉明","pinyin":"qing1 zheng4 lian2 ming2","gloss":"upright and honest","definition":"upright and honest (especially of an official)","perMillion":0.0738788541129776},{"simplified":"姚思廉","traditional":"姚思廉","pinyin":"Yao2 Si1 lian2","gloss":"Yao Silian","definition":"Yao Silian (557-637), Tang dynasty writer and compiler of the Book of Liang and the Book of Chen","perMillion":0.0138091316099023},{"simplified":"廉正","traditional":"廉正","pinyin":"lian2 zheng4","gloss":"upright","definition":"honest and incorruptible, especially in the context of government or official duties","perMillion":0.00732946216217894},{"simplified":"高薪养廉","traditional":"高薪養廉","pinyin":"gao1 xin1 yang3 lian2","gloss":"anti-corruption pay","definition":"policy of high pay to discourage corruption","perMillion":0},{"simplified":"俭以养廉","traditional":"儉以養廉","pinyin":"jian3 yi3 yang3 lian2","gloss":"frugality fosters integrity","definition":"(idiom) frugality makes honesty","perMillion":0},{"simplified":"勤政廉政","traditional":"勤政廉政","pinyin":"qin2 zheng4 lian2 zheng4","gloss":"diligent and honest","definition":"diligent and honest governance; hardworking and corruption-free administration","perMillion":0},{"simplified":"威廉·福克纳","traditional":"威廉·福克納","pinyin":"Wei1 lian2 · Fu2 ke4 na4","gloss":"William Faulkner","definition":"William Faulkner (1897-1962), American novelist and poet","perMillion":0},{"simplified":"廉俸","traditional":"廉俸","pinyin":"lian2 feng4","gloss":"stipend","definition":"extra allowances paid to government officials in the Qing dynasty","perMillion":0},{"simplified":"廉政公署","traditional":"廉政公署","pinyin":"Lian2 zheng4 Gong1 shu3","gloss":"ICAC","definition":"Independent Commission Against Corruption, Hong Kong (ICAC)","perMillion":0},{"simplified":"廉直","traditional":"廉直","pinyin":"lian2 zhi2","gloss":"upright","definition":"honest, incorruptible, and possessing high moral integrity","perMillion":0},{"simplified":"廉租房","traditional":"廉租房","pinyin":"lian2 zu1 fang2","gloss":"low-rent housing","definition":"low-rent housing","perMillion":0},{"simplified":"廉署","traditional":"廉署","pinyin":"lian2 shu3","gloss":"ICAC","definition":"Independent Commission Against Corruption, Hong Kong","perMillion":0},{"simplified":"廉颇","traditional":"廉頗","pinyin":"Lian2 Po1","gloss":"Lian Po","definition":"Lian Po (327-243 BC), famous general of Zhao state, repeatedly victorious over Qin and Qi","perMillion":0},{"simplified":"·威廉姆斯","traditional":"·威廉姆斯","pinyin":"wei2 lian2 mu3 si1","gloss":"Williams","definition":"a common English surname, often used as part of a transliterated name","perMillion":0}],"deletedComponentGlyphs":null,"wordData":{"simplified":"廉","traditional":"廉","senses":[{"id":452910,"simplified":"廉","traditional":"廉","pinyin":"lian2","gloss":"incorruptible","definition":"possessing integrity and being honest, especially regarding money and power","example":"他在官场几十年，始终坚持律己以廉。","variantPinyin":[],"posTags":["Ag"],"source":"cedict","occurrences":1,"sentenceCount":1,"exampleSentenceHtml":"他在官场几十年，始终坚持律己以廉。"},{"id":452911,"simplified":"廉","traditional":"廉","pinyin":"lian2","gloss":"inexpensive","definition":"low in price; cheap or affordable","example":"这家商店的衣服物美价廉。","variantPinyin":[],"posTags":["w"],"source":"cedict","occurrences":1,"sentenceCount":1,"exampleSentenceHtml":"这家商店的衣服物美价廉。"},{"id":452912,"simplified":"廉","traditional":"廉","pinyin":"lian2","gloss":"investigate","definition":"to examine, inspect, or look into a matter (archaic)","example":"官府正在暗中廉察他贪污受贿的证据。","variantPinyin":[],"posTags":["Ag","v"],"source":"cedict","occurrences":1,"sentenceCount":1,"exampleSentenceHtml":"官府正在暗中廉察他贪污受贿的证据。"},{"id":452913,"simplified":"廉","traditional":"廉","pinyin":"lian2","gloss":"side wall","definition":"the side wall of a traditional Chinese house (archaic)","example":"他小心地绕过堂廉，走进了正厅。","variantPinyin":[],"posTags":["nr"],"source":"cedict","occurrences":1,"sentenceCount":1,"exampleSentenceHtml":"他小心地绕过堂廉，走进了正厅。"},{"id":452914,"simplified":"廉","traditional":"廉","pinyin":"Lian2","gloss":"Lian","definition":"surname Lian","example":"廉先生是我们的新邻居。","variantPinyin":[],"posTags":["nr"],"source":"cedict","occurrences":1,"sentenceCount":1,"exampleSentenceHtml":"廉先生是我们的新邻居。"}],"references":[{"id":3216,"sourceSimplified":"廉","sourceTraditional":"㢘","sourcePinyin":"lian2","targetSimplified":"廉","targetTraditional":"廉","targetPinyin":"lian2","type":"old_variant","source":"cedict"}],"frequency":{"subtlexPerMillion":0.57,"subtlexContextDiversityPct":0,"bccPerMillion":25.270445285898024}}}