{"type":"character","character":{"character":"成","codepoint":"U+6210","gloss":"completed","iconicGloss":null,"hint":"Depicts defending city walls (丁) with an axe (戌). 丁 also represents the sound. Based on the original meaning \"city\", now written as 城. The current meaning is a phonetic loan.","originalMeaning":"city","strokeCountSimp":6,"strokeCountTrad":6,"isVerified":true,"components":[{"hint":"Depicts an axe.","type":["iconic"],"character":"戌","pinyin":["xū","qu"],"gloss":"11th terrestrial branch","iconicGloss":null},{"hint":"Depicts city walls.","type":["sound","iconic"],"character":"丁","isGlyphChanged":true,"isOldPronunciation":true,"pinyin":["dīng"],"gloss":"cubes","iconicGloss":null,"historicalPronunciations":[{"gloss":"4th heavenly stem","pinyin":"dīng","source":"baxter-sagart","oldChinese":"*tˤeŋ ","middleChinese":"teng"},{"gloss":"nail (n.)","pinyin":"dīng","source":"baxter-sagart","oldChinese":"*tˤeŋ ","middleChinese":"teng"},{"gloss":"sound of beating","pinyin":"zhēng","source":"baxter-sagart","oldChinese":"*tˤreŋ ","middleChinese":"treang"}]}],"customSources":["季旭昇《說文新證》p.963-964","漢語多功能字庫|http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E6%88%90"],"simplifiedVariants":null,"traditionalVariants":null,"variantOf":null,"junDaRank":59,"junDaFrequency":499007,"junDaPerMillion":2578.79399692879,"subtlexRank":135,"subtlexCount":61348,"subtlexPerMillion":1309.7,"subtlexContextDiversity":6175,"hsk2Level":3,"hsk3Level":2,"strokeDataSimp":{"source":"dong","medians":[[[309,521],[327,510],[357,513],[570,565],[644,590],[713,598]],[[231,539],[263,515],[273,492],[268,337],[249,229],[229,173],[197,118],[153,68],[97,30]],[[300,322],[334,344],[419,362],[434,362],[454,343],[447,252],[435,191],[409,134],[392,118],[327,162]],[[452,841],[507,790],[524,616],[552,493],[616,315],[667,217],[700,168],[760,98],[814,49],[849,25],[893,12],[908,15],[918,44],[938,177]],[[722,463],[748,425],[723,347],[682,265],[650,219],[600,167],[499,93]],[[653,777],[727,741],[763,708]]],"strokes":["M 563 539 Q 710 578 720 587 Q 729 596 724 604 Q 717 616 686 622 Q 656 628 553 587 L 510 573 Q 369 539 303 526 C 274 520 281 498 310 492 Q 346 483 383 495 Q 450 511 521 529 L 563 539 Z","M 303 526 Q 255 557 229 553 Q 208 549 225 526 Q 252 486 237 289 Q 228 240 206 182 Q 184 125 108 49 Q 93 36 89 29 Q 88 22 100 22 Q 137 22 202 90 Q 266 159 291 300 Q 291 309 294 317 L 298 350 Q 302 402 306 466 Q 307 482 310 492 C 315 519 315 519 303 526 Z","M 294 317 Q 300 316 307 318 Q 410 348 417 337 Q 424 327 422 296 Q 418 212 400 174 Q 387 149 367 153 Q 349 159 334 167 Q 312 177 325 153 Q 356 110 370 79 Q 386 61 402 77 Q 450 111 470 237 Q 482 324 494 341 Q 504 353 499 361 Q 490 371 446 389 Q 428 396 412 384 Q 391 372 298 350 C 269 343 264 314 294 317 Z","M 656 188 Q 734 59 842 -20 Q 929 -66 952 -49 Q 974 -39 966 4 Q 956 35 944 154 Q 944 179 937 182 Q 933 183 927 162 Q 900 77 881 62 Q 865 55 822 88 Q 738 155 690 228 L 659 280 Q 595 398 563 539 L 553 587 Q 531 707 550 783 Q 560 811 511 838 Q 472 859 452 854 Q 431 851 444 821 Q 472 778 479 729 Q 492 650 510 573 L 521 529 Q 567 358 630 236 L 656 188 Z","M 630 236 Q 570 164 495 99 Q 488 92 494 88 Q 503 85 514 90 Q 572 115 620 155 Q 639 171 656 188 L 690 228 Q 745 321 765 371 Q 775 396 790 419 Q 797 429 792 440 Q 785 450 752 469 Q 730 481 719 479 Q 704 475 707 458 Q 716 377 659 280 L 630 236 Z","M 668 745 Q 722 696 758 686 Q 774 685 783 700 Q 787 715 782 732 Q 766 772 700 783 Q 655 789 648 785 Q 642 782 646 770 Q 650 757 668 745 Z"]},"strokeDataTrad":{"source":"animcjk","medians":[[[191,498],[367,516],[718,599]],[[240,481],[278,435],[251,245],[190,112],[100,30]],[[292,327],[418,364],[460,338],[404,129],[376,113],[326,161]],[[445,848],[510,781],[558,466],[678,200],[804,56],[889,7],[931,9],[937,171]],[[650,776],[781,705]],[[713,474],[751,428],[682,266],[611,176],[500,94]]],"strokes":["M563,539C661,565 713,581 720,587C726,593 727,600 724,604C719,613 706,619 686,622C665,627 623,610 553,587C524,578 524,578 510,573C418,544 285,524 241,518C174,510 152,492 235,478C249,476 264,478 294,481C358,490 461,513 521,528C549,535 549,535 563,539Z","M235,478C268,380 227,142 108,49C75,24 97,19 124,31C232,78 283,239 293,317C296,339 296,339 297,350C311,472 324,452 294,481C280,495 228,496 235,478Z","M293,317C310,318 356,332 387,338C423,347 423,321 422,296C419,241 412,200 400,174C391,158 380,150 367,153C354,157 344,163 334,167C319,175 315,169 325,153C344,124 358,99 370,79C378,66 390,68 402,77C432,102 457,153 470,237C478,295 485,330 494,341C500,350 502,357 499,361C493,369 475,378 446,389C434,394 423,392 412,384C398,376 359,365 297,350C286,348 282,315 293,317Z","M656,188C692,135 766,29 842,-20C897,-55 935,-58 952,-49C965,-40 972,-24 966,4C960,26 950,75 944,154C942,171 941,181 937,182C934,183 931,176 927,162C909,106 894,71 881,62C871,56 850,66 822,88C765,133 728,175 690,228C678,245 668,261 658,278C612,355 582,445 563,539C559,555 556,571 553,587C536,667 535,733 550,783C555,803 543,821 511,838C485,853 465,857 452,854C438,852 433,841 444,821C460,792 473,762 479,729C487,677 497,625 510,573C513,559 517,543 521,528C549,414 583,324 629,234C637,218 645,204 656,188Z","M668,745C705,714 733,692 758,686C768,684 778,690 783,700C787,710 786,721 782,732C772,759 744,777 700,783C670,788 652,788 648,785C644,783 643,779 646,770C648,762 656,755 668,745Z","M629,234C594,182 544,143 495,99C490,95 489,91 494,88C499,86 506,87 514,90C571,117 607,139 656,188C668,201 680,214 690,228C734,296 753,338 767,371C773,388 779,404 790,419C794,426 795,434 792,440C787,448 774,457 752,469C737,478 726,481 719,479C708,477 703,469 707,458C722,412 677,312 658,278C649,263 638,249 629,234Z"]},"fragmentsSimp":[[0,1,3,4,5],[2]],"fragmentsTrad":null,"historicalImages":[{"era":"(~1250-1000 BC)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E6%88%90_0.png","type":"Oracle","source":"academia-sinica","description":"前5.10.5(甲)"},{"era":"(~1250-1000 BC)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E6%88%90_1.png","type":"Oracle","source":"academia-sinica","description":"粹173(甲)"},{"era":"Early Western Zhou (~1000 BC)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E6%88%90_2.png","type":"Bronze","source":"academia-sinica","description":"成王方鼎(金)西周早期"},{"era":"Early Western Zhou (~1000 BC)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E6%88%90_3.png","type":"Bronze","source":"academia-sinica","description":"作冊𤳞卣(金)西周早期"},{"era":"Late Western Zhou (~800 BC)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E6%88%90_4.png","type":"Bronze","source":"academia-sinica","description":"頌鼎(金)西周晚期"},{"era":"Late Spring and Autumn (~500 BC)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E6%88%90_5.png","type":"Bronze","source":"academia-sinica","description":"沇兒鎛(金)春秋晚期"},{"era":"Warring States (475-221 BC)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E6%88%90_6.png","type":"Bronze","source":"academia-sinica","description":"春成侯壺(金)戰國"},{"era":"Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E6%88%90_7.png","type":"Seal","source":"academia-sinica","description":"包2.91(楚)"},{"era":"Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E6%88%90_8.png","type":"Seal","source":"academia-sinica","description":"曾211(楚)"},{"era":"Shuowen (~100 AD)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E6%88%90_9.png","type":"Seal","source":"academia-sinica","description":"說文古文"},{"era":"Shuowen (~100 AD)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E6%88%90_10.png","type":"Seal","source":"academia-sinica","description":"說文‧戊部"},{"era":"Qin dynasty (221-206 BC)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E6%88%90_11.png","type":"Clerical","source":"academia-sinica","description":"睡.日甲2(隸)秦"},{"era":"Qin dynasty (221-206 BC)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E6%88%90_12.png","type":"Seal","source":"academia-sinica","description":"兩詔楕量(篆)秦"},{"era":"Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E6%88%90_13.png","type":"Clerical","source":"academia-sinica","description":"老子甲後177(隸)西漢"},{"era":"Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E6%88%90_14.png","type":"Clerical","source":"academia-sinica","description":"居延簡甲713(隸)西漢"},{"era":"Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E6%88%90_15.png","type":"Clerical","source":"academia-sinica","description":"西狹頌(隸)東漢"},{"era":"Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E6%88%90_16.png","type":"Clerical","source":"academia-sinica","description":"熹.易.說卦(隸)東漢"}],"historicalPronunciations":[{"gloss":"to become (v.i.)","pinyin":"chéng","source":"baxter-sagart","oldChinese":"*[d]eŋ ","middleChinese":"dzyeng"},{"gloss":"to complete (tr. v)","pinyin":"chéng","source":"baxter-sagart","oldChinese":"*m-[d]eŋ ","middleChinese":"dzyeng"}],"shuowenExplanation":"《說文》：“成，就也。从戊，丁聲。，古文成从午。”","shuowenPronunciation":"氏征切","shuowenPinyin":"cheng","pinyinFrequencies":[{"count":4462,"pinyin":"chéng"},{"count":17,"pinyin":"cheng"}],"pinyin":["chéng","cheng"]},"componentUses":[{"type":"sound","characters":[{"character":"城","isVerified":true},{"character":"盛","isVerified":true},{"character":"诚","isVerified":true},{"character":"晟","isVerified":false},{"character":"铖","isVerified":false},{"character":"誠","isVerified":true}],"verifiedCount":4}],"commonWords":[{"simplified":"成","traditional":"成","pinyin":"cheng2","gloss":"become","definition":"to turn into or become something","perMillion":540.505451049063},{"simplified":"成为","traditional":"成為","pinyin":"cheng2 wei2","gloss":"become","definition":"to become; to turn into","perMillion":519.583182634855},{"simplified":"完成","traditional":"完成","pinyin":"wan2 cheng2","gloss":"complete","definition":"to complete; to accomplish","perMillion":294.386891727113},{"simplified":"成功","traditional":"成功","pinyin":"cheng2 gong1","gloss":"succeed","definition":"to achieve a desired aim or result","perMillion":272.53128535221},{"simplified":"形成","traditional":"形成","pinyin":"xing2 cheng2","gloss":"form","definition":"to form; to take shape","perMillion":246.194987554206},{"simplified":"造成","traditional":"造成","pinyin":"zao4 cheng2","gloss":"cause","definition":"to bring about; to create; to cause","perMillion":220.736950526592},{"simplified":"变成","traditional":"變成","pinyin":"bian4 cheng2","gloss":"become","definition":"to change into, turn into, or transform from one state or form to another","perMillion":181.93},{"simplified":"成本","traditional":"成本","pinyin":"cheng2 ben3","gloss":"cost","definition":"production or manufacturing costs","perMillion":142.549328679057},{"simplified":"成绩","traditional":"成績","pinyin":"cheng2 ji4","gloss":"grade","definition":"performance records or scores in a test or competition","perMillion":132.643773015051},{"simplified":"成立","traditional":"成立","pinyin":"cheng2 li4","gloss":"establish","definition":"to set up, found, or organize an institution, company, or group","perMillion":129.519988108757},{"simplified":"组成","traditional":"組成","pinyin":"zu3 cheng2","gloss":"form","definition":"to form, constitute, or make up a whole from various parts or members","perMillion":102.660908455229},{"simplified":"成员","traditional":"成員","pinyin":"cheng2 yuan2","gloss":"member","definition":"member","perMillion":89.1298183990877},{"simplified":"成长","traditional":"成長","pinyin":"cheng2 zhang3","gloss":"growth","definition":"the process of developing, maturing, or progressing","perMillion":83.0147631379103},{"simplified":"成熟","traditional":"成熟","pinyin":"cheng2 shu2","gloss":"mature","definition":"fully developed in mind, character, or form; (of plans or conditions) sophisticated and ready for use","perMillion":82.8496909031273},{"simplified":"成果","traditional":"成果","pinyin":"cheng2 guo3","gloss":"achievement","definition":"a positive result or successful outcome of effort, research, or work","perMillion":77.5372117487086},{"simplified":"成都","traditional":"成都","pinyin":"Cheng2 du1","gloss":"Chengdu","definition":"The capital of Sichuan province in southwest China.","perMillion":65.2468721677169},{"simplified":"构成","traditional":"構成","pinyin":"gou4 cheng2","gloss":"form","definition":"to constitute, compose, or make up a whole","perMillion":64.2795424984432},{"simplified":"成交","traditional":"成交","pinyin":"cheng2 jiao1","gloss":"transact","definition":"to finalize a business transaction, complete a contract, or reach a deal","perMillion":55.8746145440762},{"simplified":"建成","traditional":"建成","pinyin":"jian4 cheng2","gloss":"build","definition":"to complete construction or finish building a structure","perMillion":54.4136084197485},{"simplified":"达成","traditional":"達成","pinyin":"da2 cheng2","gloss":"reach","definition":"to reach an agreement, consensus, or mutual understanding","perMillion":46.9047337707301},{"simplified":"成就","traditional":"成就","pinyin":"cheng2 jiu4","gloss":"achievement","definition":"an accomplishment or great success reached through effort","perMillion":45.4641226715494},{"simplified":"成分","traditional":"成分","pinyin":"cheng2 fen4","gloss":"component","definition":"composition; ingredient; element; component","perMillion":41.0363308449235},{"simplified":"当成","traditional":"當成","pinyin":"dang4 cheng2","gloss":"regard as","definition":"to consider as; to take to be","perMillion":31.39},{"simplified":"不成","traditional":"不成","pinyin":"bu4 cheng2","gloss":"rhetorical particle","definition":"used at the end of a rhetorical question to imply 'can it be that...?' or 'is it possible?'","perMillion":23.494059840418},{"simplified":"合成","traditional":"合成","pinyin":"he2 cheng2","gloss":"synthesis","definition":"the creation of a substance or digital effect through technical or chemical means; synthetic","perMillion":22.5406986388883},{"simplified":"成效","traditional":"成效","pinyin":"cheng2 xiao4","gloss":"effectiveness","definition":"effect; result; outcome","perMillion":22.1833608024597},{"simplified":"成人","traditional":"成人","pinyin":"cheng2 ren2","gloss":"reach adulthood","definition":"to grow up or reach the age of maturity","perMillion":17.8615275049175},{"simplified":"成品","traditional":"成品","pinyin":"cheng2 pin3","gloss":"finished product","definition":"goods that have completed the manufacturing process and are ready for sale or use","perMillion":17.6688370069147},{"simplified":"成年人","traditional":"成年人","pinyin":"cheng2 nian2 ren2","gloss":"adult","definition":"adult person","perMillion":16.99},{"simplified":"生成","traditional":"生成","pinyin":"sheng1 cheng2","gloss":"generate","definition":"to produce, create, or bring into existence, often through a technical, systematic, or chemical process","perMillion":16.3988749072056},{"simplified":"分成","traditional":"分成","pinyin":"fen1 cheng2","gloss":"divide into","definition":"to divide, separate, or break something into multiple parts or groups","perMillion":15.9160333092609},{"simplified":"赞成","traditional":"贊成","pinyin":"zan4 cheng2","gloss":"approve","definition":"to agree with or support an idea, proposal, or action","perMillion":15.5},{"simplified":"集成","traditional":"集成","pinyin":"ji2 cheng2","gloss":"integrated","definition":"integrated; to integrate","perMillion":15.3987219943361},{"simplified":"养成","traditional":"養成","pinyin":"yang3 cheng2","gloss":"form habit","definition":"to develop or acquire a particular habit or behavior through practice","perMillion":15.0196613316442},{"simplified":"制成","traditional":"製成","pinyin":"zhi4 cheng2","gloss":"manufacture","definition":"to manufacture, produce, or turn out a finished product","perMillion":15.0107385081425},{"simplified":"做成","traditional":"做成","pinyin":"zuo4 cheng2","gloss":"make into","definition":"to make something into something else; to complete or succeed in doing something.","perMillion":12.832401108725},{"simplified":"成员国","traditional":"成員國","pinyin":"cheng2 yuan2 guo2","gloss":"member state","definition":"member country","perMillion":12.7883181116626},{"simplified":"未成年人","traditional":"未成年人","pinyin":"wei4 cheng2 nian2 ren2","gloss":"minor","definition":"a minor; person under 18 years of age","perMillion":11.2139708840445},{"simplified":"看成","traditional":"看成","pinyin":"kan4 cheng2","gloss":"regard as","definition":"to regard as; to mistake for","perMillion":10.6574628801654},{"simplified":"成千上万","traditional":"成千上萬","pinyin":"cheng2 qian1 shang4 wan4","gloss":"innumerable","definition":"untold numbers; by the thousands and tens of thousands","perMillion":10.4},{"simplified":"成年","traditional":"成年","pinyin":"cheng2 nian2","gloss":"adult","definition":"to grow to adulthood, reach maturity, or be an adult","perMillion":8.71589897581313},{"simplified":"成都市","traditional":"成都市","pinyin":"Cheng2 du1 Shi4","gloss":"Chengdu","definition":"Chengdu, sub-provincial city and capital of Sichuan Province","perMillion":8.50764664872687},{"simplified":"成名","traditional":"成名","pinyin":"cheng2 ming2","gloss":"become famous","definition":"to make one's name; to become famous","perMillion":7.93005316312038},{"simplified":"促成","traditional":"促成","pinyin":"cu4 cheng2","gloss":"facilitate","definition":"to facilitate; to help bring about","perMillion":7.38469868861855},{"simplified":"成功率","traditional":"成功率","pinyin":"cheng2 gong1 lu:4","gloss":"success rate","definition":"the probability or percentage of success in achieving a specific outcome or completing a task.","perMillion":6.76875830677225},{"simplified":"成龙","traditional":"成龍","pinyin":"Cheng2 Long2","gloss":"Jackie Chan","definition":"Jackie Chan (1954-), kung fu film and Cantopop star","perMillion":6.49639974178925},{"simplified":"结成","traditional":"結成","pinyin":"jie2 cheng2","gloss":"form","definition":"to form or forge into a specific relationship or state, such as an alliance or partnership","perMillion":6.35129763579597},{"simplified":"成交价","traditional":"成交價","pinyin":"cheng2 jiao1 jia4","gloss":"transaction price","definition":"sale price; negotiated price; price reached at auction","perMillion":6.33451422968547},{"simplified":"成天","traditional":"成天","pinyin":"cheng2 tian1","gloss":"constantly","definition":"all day long; all the time","perMillion":6.23},{"simplified":"成像","traditional":"成像","pinyin":"cheng2 xiang4","gloss":"imaging","definition":"to form an image or the process of producing a visual representation of an object, especially in optics or medicine","perMillion":6.12647435077783}],"deletedComponentGlyphs":null,"wordData":{"simplified":"成","traditional":"成","senses":[{"id":458923,"simplified":"成","traditional":"成","pinyin":"cheng2","gloss":"become","definition":"to turn into or become something","example":"他成了一名著名的医生。","variantPinyin":[],"posTags":["v","u","n","r","c"],"source":"cedict","occurrences":213,"sentenceCount":213,"exampleSentenceHtml":"他成了一名著名的医生。"},{"id":458924,"simplified":"成","traditional":"成","pinyin":"cheng2","gloss":"succeed","definition":"to succeed, finish, complete, or accomplish","example":"这件事居然真的被他办成了。","variantPinyin":[],"posTags":["v","w","u","r"],"source":"cedict","occurrences":33,"sentenceCount":33,"exampleSentenceHtml":"这件事居然真的被他办成了。"},{"id":458925,"simplified":"成","traditional":"成","pinyin":"cheng2","gloss":"tenth","definition":"one tenth; ten percent","example":"今年的收成增产了二成。","variantPinyin":[],"posTags":["q","n"],"source":"cedict","occurrences":2,"sentenceCount":2,"exampleSentenceHtml":"今年的收成增产了二成。"},{"id":458922,"simplified":"成","traditional":"成","pinyin":"cheng2","gloss":"all right","definition":"to be acceptable; OK!","example":"只要你觉得成，那我们就按照这个计划办。","variantPinyin":[],"posTags":["v"],"source":"cedict","occurrences":1,"sentenceCount":1,"exampleSentenceHtml":"只要你觉得成，那我们就按照这个计划办。"},{"id":458926,"simplified":"成","traditional":"成","pinyin":"Cheng2","gloss":"Cheng","definition":"surname Cheng","example":"成先生是这家公司的经理。","variantPinyin":[],"posTags":["nr"],"source":"cedict","occurrences":1,"sentenceCount":1,"exampleSentenceHtml":"成先生是这家公司的经理。"},{"id":458927,"simplified":"成","traditional":"成","pinyin":"Cheng2","gloss":"Chengdu","definition":"short name for Chengdu","example":"他经常因为工作关系往返于成渝两地。","variantPinyin":[],"posTags":["j","j"],"source":"cedict","occurrences":1,"sentenceCount":1,"exampleSentenceHtml":"他经常因为工作关系往返于成渝两地。"},{"id":552449,"simplified":"成","traditional":"成","pinyin":"cheng2","gloss":"constitute","definition":"to constitute, make up, or amount to; often used with numbers or in expressions of scale or proportion","example":"这点钱不成问题。","variantPinyin":[],"posTags":["v"],"source":"llm","occurrences":1,"sentenceCount":1}],"references":[],"frequency":{"subtlexPerMillion":373.78,"subtlexContextDiversityPct":77,"bccPerMillion":540.5054510490631,"hsk3Level":2}}}