{"type":"character","character":{"character":"馮","codepoint":"U+99AE","gloss":"surname","iconicGloss":null,"hint":"Phonosemantic compound. 馬 represents the meaning and 冫 represents the sound. ","originalMeaning":null,"strokeCountSimp":12,"strokeCountTrad":12,"isVerified":null,"components":[{"hint":null,"type":["meaning"],"character":"馬","pinyin":["mǎ"],"gloss":"horse","iconicGloss":null},{"hint":"冫 is a component form of 冰. ","type":["sound"],"character":"冫","pinyin":["bīng"],"gloss":"ice","iconicGloss":null}],"customSources":null,"simplifiedVariants":["冯"],"traditionalVariants":null,"variantOf":null,"junDaRank":1719,"junDaFrequency":10128,"junDaPerMillion":52.3399984386888,"subtlexRank":3148,"subtlexCount":129,"subtlexPerMillion":2.75,"subtlexContextDiversity":44,"hsk2Level":null,"hsk3Level":null,"strokeDataSimp":{"source":"dong","medians":[[[193,699],[281,636],[302,598]],[[118,288],[154,260],[167,254],[175,259],[342,512]],[[483,727],[498,739],[585,754],[728,794],[780,796]],[[412,773],[431,760],[447,735],[438,412],[429,354],[444,333]],[[525,616],[707,657],[752,653]],[[525,504],[574,511],[700,544],[729,547],[752,541]],[[603,732],[633,710],[635,685],[630,437],[613,416]],[[465,336],[481,362],[534,376],[811,425],[842,423],[871,396],[873,375],[817,131],[778,40],[749,16],[648,63]],[[312,255],[302,180],[275,91]],[[403,260],[441,211],[454,179]],[[524,281],[569,240],[580,221]],[[639,314],[704,260],[727,214]]],"strokes":["M 215 652 Q 242 625 271 594 Q 284 578 302 579 Q 314 578 321 593 Q 327 609 319 642 Q 310 676 212 705 Q 196 709 188 707 Q 182 703 183 689 Q 187 676 215 652 Z","M 171 308 Q 161 292 144 294 Q 134 295 124 300 Q 105 306 106 283 Q 131 208 176 195 Q 195 192 203 218 Q 236 308 339 486 Q 352 499 350 512 Q 350 525 334 514 Q 250 411 171 308 Z","M 644 747 Q 780 780 787 786 Q 794 793 791 801 Q 784 811 758 818 Q 730 824 703 812 Q 651 793 595 778 Q 540 765 478 755 C 448 750 451 723 481 721 Q 482 722 485 721 Q 512 717 540 724 Q 567 731 596 736 L 644 747 Z","M 478 755 Q 460 774 432 784 Q 413 791 403 781 Q 396 775 405 763 Q 420 733 420 585 Q 414 411 401 366 Q 395 344 413 327 Q 435 309 456 324 C 463 327 463 370 463 400 Q 463 664 481 721 C 487 746 487 746 478 755 Z","M 660 625 Q 705 635 747 643 Q 771 647 761 660 Q 751 675 725 678 Q 701 681 662 668 L 607 651 Q 564 638 523 625 Q 507 621 527 607 Q 536 601 607 614 L 660 625 Z","M 655 512 Q 703 522 747 531 Q 771 535 761 548 Q 751 563 725 566 Q 701 569 660 556 Q 656 555 656 554 L 607 539 Q 564 526 523 513 Q 507 509 527 495 Q 536 489 607 502 L 655 512 Z","M 656 554 Q 657 591 660 625 L 662 668 Q 662 671 663 672 Q 666 724 664 729 Q 654 739 644 747 C 621 766 589 765 596 736 Q 605 703 607 651 L 607 614 Q 607 584 607 539 L 607 502 Q 607 460 607 407 C 607 377 650 384 651 414 Q 652 466 655 512 L 656 554 Z","M 456 324 Q 504 357 661 384 Q 808 409 829 389 Q 842 376 795 177 Q 782 116 751 76 Q 744 60 714 57 Q 683 64 654 70 Q 638 74 639 67 Q 639 61 648 54 Q 703 5 722 -29 Q 731 -50 749 -40 Q 818 -7 836 72 Q 864 180 888 300 Q 898 340 918 375 Q 933 391 920 406 Q 901 428 861 452 Q 839 465 807 453 Q 755 429 705 423 Q 681 422 651 414 L 607 407 Q 556 400 492 385 Q 467 378 463 400 C 439 418 430 310 456 324 Z","M 300 257 Q 282 202 255 150 Q 240 113 259 84 Q 269 66 289 81 Q 334 126 331 202 Q 332 235 323 259 Q 317 266 311 267 Q 304 266 300 257 Z","M 393 249 Q 426 170 449 162 Q 462 158 472 173 Q 476 185 474 206 Q 467 237 404 272 Q 397 276 392 266 Q 388 259 393 249 Z","M 513 269 Q 556 206 577 203 Q 590 200 598 217 Q 601 230 593 250 Q 581 274 520 295 Q 511 296 510 286 Q 507 279 513 269 Z","M 652 277 Q 677 249 702 214 Q 712 201 726 199 Q 735 198 741 209 Q 748 221 744 248 Q 743 267 715 288 Q 649 327 636 323 Q 632 320 631 309 Q 632 299 652 277 Z"]},"strokeDataTrad":{"source":"dong","medians":[[[193,699],[281,636],[302,598]],[[118,288],[154,260],[167,254],[175,259],[342,512]],[[483,727],[498,739],[585,754],[728,794],[780,796]],[[412,773],[431,760],[447,735],[438,412],[429,354],[444,333]],[[525,616],[707,657],[752,653]],[[525,504],[574,511],[700,544],[729,547],[752,541]],[[603,732],[633,710],[635,685],[630,437],[613,416]],[[465,336],[481,362],[534,376],[811,425],[842,423],[871,396],[873,375],[817,131],[778,40],[749,16],[648,63]],[[312,255],[302,180],[275,91]],[[403,260],[441,211],[454,179]],[[524,281],[569,240],[580,221]],[[639,314],[704,260],[727,214]]],"strokes":["M 215 652 Q 242 625 271 594 Q 284 578 302 579 Q 314 578 321 593 Q 327 609 319 642 Q 310 676 212 705 Q 196 709 188 707 Q 182 703 183 689 Q 187 676 215 652 Z","M 171 308 Q 161 292 144 294 Q 134 295 124 300 Q 105 306 106 283 Q 131 208 176 195 Q 195 192 203 218 Q 236 308 339 486 Q 352 499 350 512 Q 350 525 334 514 Q 250 411 171 308 Z","M 644 747 Q 780 780 787 786 Q 794 793 791 801 Q 784 811 758 818 Q 730 824 703 812 Q 651 793 595 778 Q 540 765 478 755 C 448 750 451 723 481 721 Q 482 722 485 721 Q 512 717 540 724 Q 567 731 596 736 L 644 747 Z","M 478 755 Q 460 774 432 784 Q 413 791 403 781 Q 396 775 405 763 Q 420 733 420 585 Q 414 411 401 366 Q 395 344 413 327 Q 435 309 456 324 C 463 327 463 370 463 400 Q 463 664 481 721 C 487 746 487 746 478 755 Z","M 660 625 Q 705 635 747 643 Q 771 647 761 660 Q 751 675 725 678 Q 701 681 662 668 L 607 651 Q 564 638 523 625 Q 507 621 527 607 Q 536 601 607 614 L 660 625 Z","M 655 512 Q 703 522 747 531 Q 771 535 761 548 Q 751 563 725 566 Q 701 569 660 556 Q 656 555 656 554 L 607 539 Q 564 526 523 513 Q 507 509 527 495 Q 536 489 607 502 L 655 512 Z","M 656 554 Q 657 591 660 625 L 662 668 Q 662 671 663 672 Q 666 724 664 729 Q 654 739 644 747 C 621 766 589 765 596 736 Q 605 703 607 651 L 607 614 Q 607 584 607 539 L 607 502 Q 607 460 607 407 C 607 377 650 384 651 414 Q 652 466 655 512 L 656 554 Z","M 456 324 Q 504 357 661 384 Q 808 409 829 389 Q 842 376 795 177 Q 782 116 751 76 Q 744 60 714 57 Q 683 64 654 70 Q 638 74 639 67 Q 639 61 648 54 Q 703 5 722 -29 Q 731 -50 749 -40 Q 818 -7 836 72 Q 864 180 888 300 Q 898 340 918 375 Q 933 391 920 406 Q 901 428 861 452 Q 839 465 807 453 Q 755 429 705 423 Q 681 422 651 414 L 607 407 Q 556 400 492 385 Q 467 378 463 400 C 439 418 430 310 456 324 Z","M 300 257 Q 282 202 255 150 Q 240 113 259 84 Q 269 66 289 81 Q 334 126 331 202 Q 332 235 323 259 Q 317 266 311 267 Q 304 266 300 257 Z","M 393 249 Q 426 170 449 162 Q 462 158 472 173 Q 476 185 474 206 Q 467 237 404 272 Q 397 276 392 266 Q 388 259 393 249 Z","M 513 269 Q 556 206 577 203 Q 590 200 598 217 Q 601 230 593 250 Q 581 274 520 295 Q 511 296 510 286 Q 507 279 513 269 Z","M 652 277 Q 677 249 702 214 Q 712 201 726 199 Q 735 198 741 209 Q 748 221 744 248 Q 743 267 715 288 Q 649 327 636 323 Q 632 320 631 309 Q 632 299 652 277 Z"]},"fragmentsSimp":[[2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11],[0,1]],"fragmentsTrad":null,"historicalImages":[{"era":"Late Spring and Autumn (~500 BC)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E9%A6%AE_0.png","type":"Bronze","source":"academia-sinica","description":"姑馮𠯑同之子句鑃(金)春秋晚期"},{"era":"Shuowen (~100 AD)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E9%A6%AE_1.png","type":"Seal","source":"academia-sinica","description":"說文‧馬部"},{"era":"Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E9%A6%AE_2.png","type":"Clerical","source":"academia-sinica","description":"老子乙前121上(隸)西漢"},{"era":"Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E9%A6%AE_3.png","type":"Clerical","source":"academia-sinica","description":"臨虞宮高鐙(隸)西漢"},{"era":"Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E9%A6%AE_4.png","type":"Clerical","source":"academia-sinica","description":"居延簡甲956(隸)西漢"},{"era":"Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E9%A6%AE_5.png","type":"Clerical","source":"academia-sinica","description":"孔龢碑(隸)東漢"},{"era":"Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E9%A6%AE_6.png","type":"Clerical","source":"academia-sinica","description":"史晨碑(隸)東漢"},{"era":"Western Jin dynasty (266-316 AD)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E9%A6%AE_7.png","type":"Clerical","source":"academia-sinica","description":"晉辟雍碑(隸)西晉"}],"historicalPronunciations":[{"gloss":"full, solid; lean on","pinyin":"píng","source":"baxter-sagart","oldChinese":"*[b]rəŋ","middleChinese":"bing"},{"gloss":"Féng (surname)","pinyin":"píng","source":"baxter-sagart","oldChinese":"*[Cə.b]əŋ","middleChinese":"bjuwng"},{"source":"zhengzhang","oldChinese":"brɯŋ","rhymeGroup":"蒸","phoneticSeries":"仌"},{"source":"zhengzhang","oldChinese":"bɯŋ","rhymeGroup":"蒸","phoneticSeries":"仌"},{"source":"tang","middleChinese":"bhiung"}],"shuowenExplanation":"馬行疾也。从馬冫聲。","shuowenPronunciation":"房戎切","shuowenPinyin":"ping","pinyinFrequencies":null,"pinyin":null},"componentUses":[{"type":"sound","characters":[{"character":"憑","isVerified":false}],"verifiedCount":0}],"commonWords":[{"simplified":"冯","traditional":"馮","pinyin":"Feng2","gloss":"Feng","definition":"surname Feng","perMillion":8.84836041517889},{"simplified":"冯玉祥","traditional":"馮玉祥","pinyin":"Feng2 Yu4 xiang2","gloss":"Feng Yuxiang","definition":"Feng Yuxiang (1882-1948), warlord during the Republic of China, known for his criticism of Chiang Kai-shek","perMillion":0.778303902351958},{"simplified":"冯友兰","traditional":"馮友蘭","pinyin":"Feng2 You3 lan2","gloss":"Feng Youlan","definition":"Feng Youlan (1895-1990), a distinguished Chinese philosopher","perMillion":0.475883920095096},{"simplified":"冯骥才","traditional":"馮驥才","pinyin":"Feng2 Ji4 cai2","gloss":"Feng Jicai","definition":"Feng Jicai (1942-), novelist from Tianjin, author of Extraordinary People in Our Ordinary World ([[俗世奇人|俗世奇人|su2 shi4 qi2 ren2]])","perMillion":0.387930374148949},{"simplified":"冯梦龙","traditional":"馮夢龍","pinyin":"Feng2 Meng4 long2","gloss":"Feng Menglong","definition":"Feng Menglong (1574-1646), late Ming dynasty novelist writing in colloquial (baihua), author of Stories Old and New ([[古今小说|古今小說|Gu3 jin1 Xiao3 shuo1]]).","perMillion":0.127097122855755},{"simplified":"冯德英","traditional":"馮德英","pinyin":"Feng2 De2 ying1","gloss":"Feng Deying","definition":"Feng Deying (1935–2022), author of the 1958 novel Bitter Herbs [[苦菜花|苦菜花|Ku3 cai4 hua1]]","perMillion":0.017048966333764},{"simplified":"冯武","traditional":"馮武","pinyin":"Feng2 Wu3","gloss":"Feng Wu","definition":"Feng Wu (1672-), calligrapher of the Ming-Qing transition, also known as Feng Doubo","perMillion":0.016252285663962},{"simplified":"暴虎冯河","traditional":"暴虎馮河","pinyin":"bao4 hu3 ping2 he2","gloss":"foolhardiness","definition":"to display foolhardy courage; to act with reckless bravery without preparation or caution, like fighting a tiger barehanded","perMillion":0.00998506439485247},{"simplified":"冯德莱恩","traditional":"馮德萊恩","pinyin":"Feng2 de2 lai2 en1","gloss":"Ursula von der Leyen","definition":"Ursula von der Leyen (1958-), German politician, president of the European Commission from 2019","perMillion":0},{"simplified":"冯窦伯","traditional":"馮竇伯","pinyin":"Feng2 Dou4 bo2","gloss":"Feng Doubo","definition":"Feng Doubo or Feng Wu (1672-), calligrapher of the Ming-Qing transition, also known as Feng Wu","perMillion":0},{"simplified":"冯陵","traditional":"馮陵","pinyin":"feng2 ling2","gloss":"bully","definition":"to insult; to bully or oppress; variant of [[冯凌|馮凌|feng2 ling2]]","perMillion":0},{"simplified":"冯内果","traditional":"馮內果","pinyin":"Feng2 nei4 guo3","gloss":"Kurt Vonnegut","definition":"Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. (1922-2007), US writer","perMillion":0}],"deletedComponentGlyphs":null,"wordData":{"simplified":"冯","traditional":"馮","senses":[{"id":419518,"simplified":"冯","traditional":"馮","pinyin":"Feng2","gloss":"Feng","definition":"surname Feng","example":"冯先生是我们的新经理。","variantPinyin":[],"posTags":["nr"],"source":"cedict","occurrences":2,"sentenceCount":2,"exampleSentenceHtml":"冯先生是我们的新经理。"},{"id":419521,"simplified":"冯","traditional":"馮","pinyin":"ping2","gloss":"gallop","definition":"the movement or sound of a horse running swiftly","example":"其马冯冯，其声如雷。","variantPinyin":[],"posTags":["o","Ag"],"source":"cedict","occurrences":2,"sentenceCount":1,"exampleSentenceHtml":"其马冯冯，其声如雷。"},{"id":419522,"simplified":"冯","traditional":"馮","pinyin":"ping2","gloss":"great","definition":"large, grand, or abundant in scale","example":"此乃冯大之业，不可轻视。","variantPinyin":[],"posTags":["nr"],"source":"cedict","occurrences":1,"sentenceCount":1,"exampleSentenceHtml":"此乃冯大之业，不可轻视。"},{"id":419523,"simplified":"冯","traditional":"馮","pinyin":"ping2","gloss":"wade","definition":"to cross a river or body of water on foot without using a boat","example":"不敢暴虎，不敢冯河。","variantPinyin":[],"posTags":["nr"],"source":"cedict","occurrences":1,"sentenceCount":1,"exampleSentenceHtml":"不敢暴虎，不敢冯河。"},{"id":419519,"simplified":"冯","traditional":"馮","pinyin":"ping2","gloss":"assist","definition":"to help or provide support, often appearing in historical titles or place names","example":"他在论文中详细考证了冯字在古籍里的词义。","variantPinyin":[],"posTags":["nr","nr"],"source":"cedict","occurrences":0,"sentenceCount":0,"exampleSentenceHtml":"他在论文中详细考证了冯字在古籍里的词义。"},{"id":419520,"simplified":"冯","traditional":"馮","pinyin":"ping2","gloss":"attack","definition":"to insult, bully, or launch an assault upon someone or something","example":"他仗势冯陵弱小，令人不齿。","variantPinyin":[],"posTags":["ns"],"source":"cedict","occurrences":0,"sentenceCount":0,"exampleSentenceHtml":"他仗势冯陵弱小，令人不齿。"}],"references":[{"id":1104,"sourceSimplified":"冯","sourceTraditional":"馮","sourcePinyin":"ping2","targetSimplified":"凭","targetTraditional":"憑","targetPinyin":"ping2","type":"old_variant","source":"cedict"}],"frequency":{"subtlexPerMillion":1.4,"subtlexContextDiversityPct":0,"bccPerMillion":8.848360415178888}}}