- 夷九族 yíjiǔzú to exterminate nine generations of a family(literary) To execute an entire family line, from ancestors to descendants, as punishment for severe crimes such as treason.
- 诛九族 zhūjiǔzú to execute all relatives(literary) to execute an offender's entire family, including all related households within the nine degrees of kinship, as a collective punishment for a capital crime