- 三教九流 sānjiàojiǔliú religions and schools of thoughtthe Three Religions (Confucianism, Buddhism, Daoism) and the Nine Schools of Thought (Confucians, Daoists, Yin-Yang, Legalists, Logicians, Mohists, Political Strategists, Eclectics, and Agriculturists)
- 下九流 xiàjiǔliú lowest social classes(literary) the lowest social orders or professions in old China, such as actors, porters, and barbers; also used as a pejorative for people of low social status
- 九流三教 jiǔliúsānjiào all schools of thoughtthe nine schools of thought and the three religions; used broadly to refer to all academic or philosophical schools of thought
- 九流十家 jiǔliúshíjiā schools of thoughtA collective name for the various philosophical schools of thought from the pre-Qin period to the early Han dynasty; the [[十家|十家|shi2 jia1]] refers to the ten schools identified by scholar Liu Xin, while [[九流|九流|jiu3 liu2]] refers to the nine schools excluding the school of fiction.
