(historical) Collective term for the five non-Han nomadic tribes that migrated into northern China during the Western Jin Dynasty, namely: 匈奴 xiōng​nú, 鲜卑 xiān​bēi, 羯 jié, 氐 dī, and 羌 qiāng. They are primarily associated with the period of the 五胡十六国 wǔ​hú​shí​liù​guó.

disorder; upheaval; riot; war or political unrest

China; abbreviation for 中华 zhōng​huá or 华夏 huá​xià