(historical) Collective term for the five non-Han nomadic tribes that migrated into northern China during the Western Jin Dynasty, namely: 匈奴 xiōng​nú, 鲜卑 xiān​bēi, 羯 jié, 氐 dī, and 羌 qiāng. They are primarily associated with the period of the 五胡十六国 wǔ​hú​shí​liù​guó.

the Sixteen Kingdoms (304–439 AD), a series of short-lived states established in northern China and Sichuan by various ethnic groups; also written as 五胡十六国 wǔ​hú​shí​liù​guó