one's directly related family members, such as parents, children, or a spouse; next of kin

Languages that share a common ancestor and developed from the same original language; they maintain independent vocabularies and grammars but show systematic correspondences and shared features.

(law) relatives of a younger generation, such as children, grandchildren, or nephews; the opposite of [[尊亲属|尊親屬|zun1 qin1 shu3]]

one's parents, grandparents, and other relatives of a senior generation; in legal contexts, subdivided into lineal [[直系尊亲属|直系尊亲属|zhi2 xi4 zun1 qin1 shu3]] and collateral [[旁系尊亲属|旁系尊亲属|pang2 xi4 zun1 qin1 shu3]] ascendants

Relatives sharing a common ancestor but not in a direct line of descent, such as siblings, aunts, uncles, and cousins; distinct from [[直系亲属|直系親屬|zhi2 xi4 qin1 shu3]].

a blood relative of a previous generation who is not a direct ancestor, such as an uncle, aunt, or elder cousin from a different lineage

in legal contexts, relatives of a senior generation in a direct line of descent, such as parents or grandparents

A set of terms used to address or refer to people based on their family relationships, including blood relatives and relatives by marriage