qīn​mù

amicable

qīn, qin relatives Simplified

Original meaning: chestnut tree

Phonosemantic compound. represents the meaning and represents the sound. Based on the original meaning "chestnut". This character was repurposed during character simplification as the simplified form of .

Components

Sound component
xīn laborious
Meaning component
tree
Change in meaning
hints at the original meaning of , "chestnut tree", which is no longer the most common meaning of in modern Mandarin.

Character Evolution

Bronze form
Bronze Mid Western Zhou ~900 BC
Seal form
Seal Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Jin 266-420 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Western Jin 266-316 AD
Regular Modern

Component uses

Sound (1 of 2 verified)

說文解字

《說文》:“𣓀,果實如小栗。从木,辛聲。《春秋傳》曰:‘女摯不過栗。’”

Sources

Readings & variants
Unicode
Historical images
Academia Sinica

friendly

Phonosemantic compound. represents the meaning and represents the sound.

Components

Meaning component
eye
Sound component
a clod of earth

Character Evolution

Bronze form
Bronze Late Western Zhou ~800 BC
Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Regular Modern

Historical Pronunciations

Middle ChineseOld ChineseGloss
Baxter-Sagartmjuwkmr[uk] concord

說文解字

《說文》:“睦,目順也。从目,坴聲。一曰敬和也。,古文眭。”

Sources

Character origin
漢語多功能字庫
Readings & variants
Unicode
Historical pronunciations
Baxter-Sagart
Historical images
Academia Sinica

qīn, qin relatives Traditional

Phonosemantic compound. represents the meaning and represents the sound.

Components

Sound component
qīn, qin relatives
Meaning component
jiàn, xiàn, jian see

Character Evolution

Bronze form
Bronze Late Western Zhou ~800 BC
Bronze form
Bronze Late Warring States ~250 BC
Bronze form
Bronze Late Warring States ~250 BC
Seal form
Seal Warring States (Chu) 475-221 BC
Seal form
Seal Warring States (Chu) 475-221 BC
Seal form
Seal Warring States (Chu) 475-221 BC
Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Qin 221-206 BC
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD
Regular Modern

Component uses

Sound (1)

Historical Pronunciations

Middle ChineseOld ChineseGloss
Baxter-Sagarttshin[tsʰ]i[n] close; parents

說文解字

《說文》:“親,至也。从見,亲聲。”

Sources

Character origin
漢語多功能字庫
Readings & variants
Unicode
Historical pronunciations
Baxter-Sagart
Historical images
Academia Sinica