to treat with contempt, rudeness, or offensive language

to bully

having the nature of an insult; derogatory or offensive.

aggression, external threats, or humiliation inflicted by foreign powers or outsiders

to look down upon with disdain; to treat with contempt or despise

(literary) to treat with disrespect

to humiliate or treat someone with insolent disregard or contempt

to insult or mock

to mistreat and humiliate someone through intimidation or abuse

to scold; to abuse

internal disunity dissolves at the threat of an invasion from outside

to bully, insult, or humiliate those who are weaker or of lower status; variant of [[凌侮|凌侮|ling2 wu3]]