Literally means to lay down flags and silence the drums; used to describe a military unit hiding its tracks or, more commonly, to mean stopping a fight, ending a dispute, or ceasing all activity.

crescent moon or a half-moon shape

to cease military preparations and focus instead on culture and education, traditionally attributed to the [[书经|書經|shu1 jing1]]

(literary) to lie on one's back; to lie in a supine position

(literary) to look up and down; to move or act in a certain way

(literary) to rest; to lie down; to retire from public life or active duty

Literally "the grass bends when the wind blows"; describes how the common people follow the moral example or teaching of their leaders.

To promote civil education and learning while setting aside military preparations or weapons. Also written as [[偃武修文|偃武修文|yan3 wu3 xiu1 wen2]].

to follow the trends or customs of the world without having independent thoughts or opinions of one's own; to drift with the current

to fall down flat; to fall over on one's back

A heavy blade on a long shaft with a head shaped like a crescent moon, used as a traditional weapon.

(literary) proud; arrogant; haughty

to be down on one's luck and living in poverty; to suffer from a series of misfortunes and hardships

any of various small burrowing insectivorous mammals with velvety fur and very small eyes

An official and advisor of the State of Jin during the Spring and Autumn period, also known as [[舅犯|舅犯|jiu4 fan4]]; he accompanied the future Duke Wen of Jin into exile for nineteen years and later helped him achieve hegemony.

Yan Yan (506 BCE–?), courtesy name Ziyou, a disciple of Confucius from the state of Wu known for his proficiency in literary studies and ritual; he served as the magistrate of Wucheng where he was praised for using rites and music to educate the people.