- 元音和谐 yuányīnhéxié vowel harmonyvowel harmony (in phonetics of Altaic languages)
- 三元音 sānyuányīn triphthongtriphthong (such as putonghua uei etc)
- 双元音 shuāngyuányīn diphthong
- 复合元音 fùhéyuányīn diphthongdiphthong (such as Mandarin Chinese ɑi, ei etc)
- 闭元音 bìyuányīn close vowel
- 卷舌元音 juǎnshéyuányīn retroflex vowelretroflex vowel (e.g. the final 'r' in Mandarin Chinese)
