A collective economic and administrative unit in rural China established in 1958; these organizations managed both agriculture and local government until they were dissolved in the early 1980s.

The collectivization of agriculture, referring to the movement to establish People's Communes in China during the late 1950s or similar policies in communist Russia around 1930

A revolutionary socialist government that ruled Paris for two months in 1871; it is historically significant as the first instance of a working-class uprising establishing a proletarian government.

The earliest form of social and economic organization in human history, based on kinship ties; it is divided into matrilineal and patrilineal stages.

social organization in primitive society based on kinship and collective ownership