农村家庭联产承包责任制 Origin

nóng agriculture, farming Simplified

Simplified form of 農. Depicts using a farming tool (辰) in a field (田).

Components

辰 Iconic Simplified component

chén early morning

Depicts a farming tool.

田 Deleted component

tián field

The 田 (field) component was deleted for simplification.

Component uses

Sound (1 of 4 verified)

浓侬脓哝

Sources

Character origin: 李学勤《字源》p.207
Readings & variants: Unicode

cūn village

Phonosemantic compound. 木 represents the meaning and 寸 represents the sound.

Components

木 Meaning component

mù tree

寸 Sound component

cùn, cun (hand), inch

Historical Pronunciations

	Middle Chinese	Old Chinese
Zhengzhang		sʰuːn
Unicode	tsuən

Sources

Character origin: 漢語多功能字庫
Readings & variants: Unicode
Historical pronunciations: Zhengzhang Shangfang

jiā, jia house

Phonosemantic compound. 宀 represents the meaning and a remnant of 豭 represents the sound.

Components

宀 Meaning component

mián roof

豭 Sound Remnant component

jiā boar

Left half of 豭 (boar).

Character Evolution

Bronze form — Bronze Late Shang ~1100 BC

Seal form — Seal Warring States (Chu) 475-221 BC

Regular Modern

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Component uses

Sound (1 of 4 verified)

嫁稼镓傢

Historical Pronunciations

	Middle Chinese	Old Chinese	Gloss
Baxter-Sagart	kae	kˤra	household

說文解字

《說文》：“家，居也。从宀，豭省聲。”

Sources

Character origin: 季旭昇《說文新證》p.589-590漢語多功能字庫
Readings & variants: Unicode
Historical pronunciations: Baxter-Sagart
Historical images: Academia Sinica
Etymology: Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字)

tíng main hall, courtyard

Phonosemantic compound. 广 represents the meaning and 廷 represents the sound.

Components

广 Meaning component

guǎng roof

廷 Sound Meaning component

tíng court

Character Evolution

Regular Modern

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Historical Pronunciations

	Middle Chinese	Old Chinese
Zhengzhang		l'eːŋ
Unicode	dheng

說文解字

宮中也。从广廷聲。

Sources

Character origin: 漢語多功能字庫
Readings & variants: Unicode
Historical pronunciations: Zhengzhang Shangfang
Historical images: Academia Sinica
Etymology: Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字)

lián connect Simplified

Simplified form of 聯. Phonosemantic compound. 耳 represents the meaning and 𢇇 represents the sound.

Components

耳 Meaning component

ěr ear

Alludes to earrings connected to the ear.

关 Simplified component

guān to close

Shorthand for the phonetic 𢇇 component in the traditional character 聯.

Sources

Character origin: 漢語多功能字庫
Readings & variants: Unicode

chǎn give birth Simplified

Simplified form of 產. Phonosemantic compound. 生 represents the meaning and 彥 represents the sound. The traditional component 生 was removed for simplification.

Components

彦 Sound Remnant component

yàn, pán elegant

Change in sound

产 and 彦 don't sound similar in modern Mandarin due to historical phonetic changes. They were more similar in Old Chinese.
产 *s-ŋrarʔ
彦 ŋrans

生 Deleted component

shēng, sheng life

The traditional component 生 was removed for simplification.

Component uses

Sound (0 of 2 verified)

铲浐

Historical Pronunciations

Sources

Readings & variants: Unicode

chéng bear, carry

Pictograph of hands (廾, 手) carrying a person.

Components

卩 Iconic component

jié person kneeling

Depicts a person being carried.

Change in form

Due to historical stylistic changes, this component is less similar to 卩 than it was in ancient scripts.

手 Iconic component

shǒu, shou hand

廾 Iconic component

gǒng two hands

Change in form

Due to historical stylistic changes, this component is less similar to 廾 than it was in ancient scripts.

Character Evolution

Regular Modern

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Historical Pronunciations

	Middle Chinese	Old Chinese	Gloss
Baxter-Sagart	dzying	[m-t]əŋ	receive

說文解字

《說文》：“承，奉也，受也。从手，从卪，从。”

Sources

Character origin: 漢語多功能字庫
Readings & variants: Unicode
Historical pronunciations: Baxter-Sagart
Historical images: Academia Sinica
Etymology: Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字)

bāo wrap

Original meaning: to embrace

Depicts a person (勹) hugging a child (子). Based on the original meaning "to embrace", now written as 抱. The meaning later shifted to "cover" and "wrap".

Components

勹 Sound Iconic component

bāo wrap

Depicts a person hugging. 勹 also represents the sound.

子 Iconic component

zi, zǐ child

Depicts a child. Modern form looks like 巳.

Change in form

Due to historical stylistic changes, this component is less similar to 子 than it was in ancient scripts.

Character Evolution

Regular Modern

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Component uses

Sound (6 of 24 verified)

跑炮抱胞饱泡鲍袍咆刨苞雹疱庖孢龅匏狍飑飽砲皰鮑齙 show all 24 show fewer

Meaning (0 of 3 verified)

袍苞飑

Iconic (1)

抱

Historical Pronunciations

	Middle Chinese	Old Chinese	Gloss
Baxter-Sagart	paew	pˤ<r>u	wrap, bundle

說文解字

《說文》：“包，象人褢妊，巳在中，象子未成形也。”

Sources

Character origin: 谢明文《释甲骨文中的“抱”——兼论“包”字》
Readings & variants: Unicode
Historical pronunciations: Baxter-Sagart
Historical images: Academia Sinica
Etymology: Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字)

zé responsibility Simplified

Original meaning: taxation

Simplified form of 責. Phonosemantic compound. 貝 represents the meaning and 朿 represents the sound. Based on the original meaning "taxation". The meaning later shifted to "responsibility".

Components

朿 Sound component

cì thorn, stab

Change in form

Due to historical stylistic changes, this component is less similar to 朿 than it was in ancient scripts.

貝 Meaning component

bèi sea shell

In ancient China shells were used as currency.

Change in meaning

貝 hints at the original meaning of 责, "taxation", which is no longer the most common meaning of 责 in modern Mandarin.

Component uses

Sound (1 of 8 verified)

债绩啧渍碛赜帻箦

Meaning (0 of 1 verified)

债

Sources

Character origin: 漢語多功能字庫
Readings & variants: Unicode

rèn responsibility

Original meaning: to hold in arms

Phonosemantic compound. 亻 represents the meaning and 壬 represents the sound.

Components

亻 Meaning component

rén person

亻 is a component form of 人.

壬 Sound component

rén 9th heavenly stem

Character Evolution

Regular Modern

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Component uses

Meaning (0 of 3 verified)

凭赁賃

Sound (0 of 2 verified)

恁荏

Historical Pronunciations

	Middle Chinese	Old Chinese	Gloss
Baxter-Sagart	nyimH	n[ə]m-s	burden; charge (n.)

說文解字

《說文》：“任，符也。从人，壬聲。”

Sources

Character origin: 漢語多功能字庫 The Outlier Linguistics Dictionary of Chinese Characters
Readings & variants: Unicode
Historical pronunciations: Baxter-Sagart
Historical images: Academia Sinica
Etymology: Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字)

zhì control

Original meaning: break

Depicts cutting down a tree (未) with a knife (刂). Based on the original meaning "break". The meaning later shifted to "control".

Components

未 Iconic component

wèi not yet

Depicts a tree.

Change in form

Due to historical stylistic changes, this component is less similar to 未 than it was in ancient scripts.

刂 Iconic component

dāo knife

刂 is a component form of 刀.

Character Evolution

Regular Modern

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Component uses

Sound (1 of 2 verified)

掣製

Historical Pronunciations

	Middle Chinese	Old Chinese	Gloss
Baxter-Sagart	tsyejH	tet-s	cut out, prepare

說文解字

《說文》：“制，裁也。从刀，从未。未，物成，有滋味，可裁斷。一曰止也。，古文制如此。”

Sources

Character origin: 季旭昇《說文新證》p.357漢語多功能字庫
Readings & variants: Unicode
Historical pronunciations: Baxter-Sagart
Historical images: Academia Sinica
Etymology: Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字)

nóng agriculture, farming Traditional

Depicts using a farming tool (辰) in a field (田).

Components

田 Iconic component

tián field

Change in form

Due to historical stylistic changes, this component is less similar to 田 than it was in ancient scripts.

辰 Iconic component

chén early morning

Depicts a farming tool.

Character Evolution

Regular Modern

▼ More ▲ Less

Component uses

Sound (1 of 5 verified)

膿噥儂憹濃

Historical Pronunciations

	Middle Chinese	Old Chinese	Gloss
Baxter-Sagart	nowng	nˤ[o]ŋ	agriculture; to farm

說文解字

《說文》：“，耕也。从，囟聲。，籀文从林。，古文；辳，亦古文。”

Sources

Character origin: 李学勤《字源》p.207
Readings & variants: Unicode
Historical pronunciations: Baxter-Sagart
Historical images: Academia Sinica
Etymology: Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字)

lián connect Traditional

Phonosemantic compound. 耳 represents the meaning and 𢇇 represents the sound.

Components

耳 Meaning component

ěr ear

Alludes to earrings connected to the ear.

𢇇 Sound component

guān to run threads through a web in weaving

Change in sound

聯 and 𢇇 don't sound similar in modern Mandarin due to historical phonetic changes. They were more similar in Old Chinese.
聯 *ɡ·ron
𢇇 *kroːn

Character Evolution

Regular Modern

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Historical Pronunciations

說文解字

《說文》：“聯，連也。从耳，耳連於頰也；从絲，絲連不絕也。”

Sources

Character origin: Zhengzhang Shangfang漢語多功能字庫
Readings & variants: Unicode
Historical images: Academia Sinica
Etymology: Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字)

chǎn give birth Traditional

Phonosemantic compound. 生 represents the meaning and 彥 represents the sound.

Components

彥 Sound Remnant component

elegant

Change in sound

產 and 彥 don't sound similar in modern Mandarin due to historical phonetic changes. They were more similar in Old Chinese.
產 *s-ŋrarʔ
彥 *ŋrar-s

生 Meaning component

shēng, sheng life

Character Evolution

Regular Modern

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Component uses

Sound (2)

隡剷

Historical Pronunciations

	Middle Chinese	Old Chinese	Gloss
Baxter-Sagart	sreanX	s-ŋrarʔ	bear (v.), produce

說文解字

《說文》：“產，生也。从生，彥省聲。”

Sources

Character origin: 漢語多功能字庫
Readings & variants: Unicode
Historical pronunciations: Baxter-Sagart
Historical images: Academia Sinica
Etymology: Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字)

zé responsibility Traditional

Original meaning: taxation

Phonosemantic compound. 貝 represents the meaning and 朿 represents the sound. Based on the original meaning "taxation". The meaning later shifted to "responsibility".

Components

朿 Sound component

cì thorn, stab

Change in form

Due to historical stylistic changes, this component is less similar to 朿 than it was in ancient scripts.

貝 Meaning component

bèi sea shell

In ancient China shells were used as currency.

Change in meaning

貝 hints at the original meaning of 責, "taxation", which is no longer the most common meaning of 責 in modern Mandarin.

Character Evolution

Regular Modern

▼ More ▲ Less

Component uses

Sound (3 of 6 verified)

積蹟績嘖債漬

Meaning (0 of 1 verified)

債

Historical Pronunciations

	Middle Chinese	Old Chinese	Gloss
Baxter-Sagart	tsreak	s-tˤrek	demand payment
	tsreak	s-tˤrek	blame
	tsreaH	s-tˤrek-s	debt

說文解字

《說文》：“責，求也。从貝，朿聲。”

Sources

Character origin: 漢語多功能字庫
Readings & variants: Unicode
Historical pronunciations: Baxter-Sagart
Historical images: Academia Sinica
Etymology: Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字)

农 nóng agriculture, farming Simplified

Components

Component uses

Sound (1 of 4 verified)

Sources

村 cūn village

Components

Historical Pronunciations

Sources

家 jiā, jia house

Components

Character Evolution

Component uses

Sound (1 of 4 verified)

Historical Pronunciations

說文解字

Sources

庭 tíng main hall, courtyard

Components

Character Evolution

Historical Pronunciations

說文解字

Sources

联 lián connect Simplified

Components

Sources

产 chǎn give birth Simplified

Components

Component uses

Sound (0 of 2 verified)

Historical Pronunciations

Sources

承 chéng bear, carry

Components

Character Evolution

Historical Pronunciations

說文解字

Sources

包 bāo wrap

Components

Character Evolution

Component uses

Sound (6 of 24 verified)

Meaning (0 of 3 verified)

Iconic (1)

Historical Pronunciations

說文解字

Sources

责 zé responsibility Simplified

Components

Component uses

Sound (1 of 8 verified)

Meaning (0 of 1 verified)

Sources

任 rèn responsibility

Components

Character Evolution

Component uses

Meaning (0 of 3 verified)

Sound (0 of 2 verified)

Historical Pronunciations

說文解字

Sources

制 zhì control

Components

Character Evolution

Component uses

Sound (1 of 2 verified)

Historical Pronunciations

說文解字

Sources

農 nóng agriculture, farming Traditional

Components

Character Evolution

Component uses

Sound (1 of 5 verified)

Historical Pronunciations

說文解字

Sources

聯 lián connect Traditional

nóng agriculture, farming Simplified

cūn village

jiā, jia house

tíng main hall, courtyard

lián connect Simplified

chǎn give birth Simplified

chéng bear, carry

bāo wrap

zé responsibility Simplified

rèn responsibility

zhì control

nóng agriculture, farming Traditional

lián connect Traditional

chǎn give birth Traditional

zé responsibility Traditional