The belief that the world is inherently evil or that life is full of suffering, emphasizing world-weariness or the denial of the will to live; also referred to as [[厌世观|厭世觀|yan4 shi4 guan1]]

A worldview that sees human life as suffering and the world as meaningless; opposite of [[乐天观|樂天觀|le4 tian1 guan1]].