Initial accumulation of capital or resources, historically referring to the forced exploitation used to build early capitalist wealth; also used in a modern sense for the initial gathering of assets by a business.

The earliest stage of human social development, characterized by collective labor, communal ownership of resources, and the absence of classes or exploitation.

primitive man; prehistoric human; caveman

forest that has never been logged or developed by humans; primary forest; old-growth forest

The earliest form of social and economic organization in human history, based on kinship ties; it is divided into matrilineal and patrilineal stages.

To trace the entire development of a matter from its beginning to its end; to investigate the history and final results of something.

An artistic or philosophical movement that values the simplicity and innocence of nature and early human life over modern civilization; often associated with the concept of the "noble savage" in the 18th-century Romantic era.

A computer program written in a programming language that must be compiled or interpreted before a computer can execute it; source program

shares issued to the public at the offering price on the primary market before a company is listed on the stock exchange

An ancestral language reconstructed by comparing related languages; the hypothetical common source of a language family.

firsthand information; raw data; primary sources

The Flintstones (TV series)

virgin forest; primeval forest; wildwood

virgin tropical rainforest; primary tropical rainforest in its original and undisturbed state

The original programming instructions written by a software developer before they are compiled into a program; primarily used in Taiwan and Hong Kong. Same as [[源代码|源代碼|yuan2 dai4 ma3]].