To join a group or take part in an activity, such as a meeting, competition, or organization; to attend

to participate in something; to be involved in a task or activity

To consult, refer to, or compare with materials, situations, or examples for research or understanding

To take part in a match or enter a competition.

to visit, tour, or look around a place to gain firsthand knowledge or experience

member of a senate or the upper house of a legislative assembly

A variable or constant used in mathematical or physical equations to define a specific case or condition; a parametric variable

To exhibit at or take part in a trade show, art exhibition, or similar event

to consult a reference and follow its example; to refer to another document or standard for comparison and guidance

To formally call on a respected person; to pay homage to or worship at a shrine, tomb, or image of a god or ancestor

competitor; participant in a competition

participant; person involved in an activity or event

To buy shares or hold equity in a company; to participate in an enterprise by investing capital.

Ginseng; specifically the fleshy root of several perennial plants valued for its medicinal properties.

to join the military; to enlist

The senate or upper chamber of a legislative assembly.

To give advice; to consult or deliberate with others.

To refer to; to see also; to compare with. Often used in texts to direct the reader to other sections or sources.

red sage (Salvia miltiorrhiza); a perennial herb with a reddish root used in traditional Chinese medicine to improve circulation

the senior staff officer of a military headquarters or large organization

To enter into, participate in, or engage in a war or battle.

To participate in and discuss state affairs; to engage in political consultation

To be a candidate in an election or to participate in a campaign for public office

To take part in a performance; to appear in a movie, play, or show.

sea cucumber; sea slug; trepang

uneven; irregular; mixed; used to describe objects of different lengths or a situation where quality and standards are inconsistent

root of the poor man's ginseng (Codonopsis pilosula) used in Chinese medicine; named after the Shangdang region of Shanxi where it is widely produced

A high-ranking government advisor or councilor; an official post found in the State Council, provincial, or city governments responsible for policy consultation and drafting regulations.

participant; attendee; exhibitor

A high-ranking diplomat in an embassy who serves as a senior assistant to an ambassador or minister; an attaché.

(military) the highest ranking officer in a general staff; chief of staff

To be involved in political activities, government affairs, or to hold a government office

To consult or refer to a document, book, or other materials for information; same as [[参看|參看|can1 kan4]].

mixed in equal proportions; having two things present in equal amounts, often used to describe a mix of positive and negative emotions or outcomes

General Staff Headquarters of a military organization

Books consulted for specific information or research, such as dictionaries, encyclopedias, yearbooks, or bibliographies

Sophora flavescens, a plant used in traditional Chinese medicine and as an insecticide; its roots are used for medicinal purposes

uneven; irregular in length, height, or size; jagged; ragged

(of trees, mountains, etc.) reaching high into the sky; to tower upwards

An object used as a standard for comparison or used to determine whether another object is at rest or in motion; reference frame.

a mixture of joy and sorrow; having mixed feelings about a about something

to read or look at something for reference or further information

A perennial herb related to ginseng with a cylindrical root used in traditional Chinese medicine to reduce internal heat and nourish the lungs; originally native to North America. Also known as [[花旗参|花旗參|hua1 qi2 shen1]].

(bound form) abbreviation for the General Staff Department of the People's Liberation Army, responsible for military planning, intelligence, and personnel.

to understand or realize a profound truth; to achieve enlightenment through meditation or deep study

to fully grasp or penetrate; to see through; to thoroughly understand a mystery or situation

a quantity whose value can vary within a certain range, reflecting different states or performance levels; parameter; modulus

A restricted document available only to specific high-ranking officials; short for [[内部参考|內部參考|nei4 bu4 can1 kao3]]