- 古 adjectiveancientancient; old; from the distant past; referring to former times as opposed to the present
- 往 nounadverbpast(bound form) past or previous; referring to times or events that have already happened
- 今 nounthe present(bound form) now; the present; this (day, year, etc.)
- 来 來 prepositionparticlesinceUsed after a time duration to mean "for the past..." or "ever since"