- 古文字 gǔwénzì ancient scriptancient writing or characters; specifically refers to the Chinese scripts used before the Qin dynasty, such as [[甲骨文|甲骨文|jia3 gu3 wen2]], [[金文|金文|jin1 wen2]], and [[篆书|篆書|zhuan4 shu1]]
- 古文明 gǔwénmíng ancient civilizationan ancient civilization, typically referring to the early historical societies of humanity
- 蒙古文 měnggǔwén the Mongolian languageThe written language of the Mongolian people; specifically, the script based on the Old Uyghur alphabet written vertically from top to bottom and left to right.
- 今古文 jīngǔwén Han dynasty textual studiesFormer Han dynasty study or rewriting of classical texts, such as the Confucian [[六经|六經|liu4 jing1]]
- 古文经 gǔwénjīng Old Text ClassicsConfucian classics written in the scripts used before the Qin Dynasty, as opposed to the Modern Text Classics written in Han Dynasty clerical script; examples include the Old Text version of the [[尚书|尚書|shang4 shu1]]
- 古文观止 gǔwénguānzhǐ Guwen GuanzhiA classic anthology of essays written in [[古文|古文|gu3 wen2]] from the Zhou to the Ming Dynasty, compiled by Wu Chucai and Wu Diaohou during the Qing Dynasty.
- 古文辞类纂 gǔwéncílèizuǎn Guwen Ci LeizuanA famous 75-volume anthology of classical Chinese prose compiled by Yao Nai during the Qing Dynasty. It features over 700 works categorized into thirteen genres, emphasizing the writing principles of the Tongcheng school.
- 古文运动 gǔwényùndòng Classical Prose MovementA literary and cultural movement occurring during the Tang and Song dynasties that rejected the ornate and rhythmic parallel prose of the time in favor of the simpler, more direct prose of the Qin and Han periods. Promoted by writers like [[韩愈|韓愈|han2 yu4]] and [[柳宗元|柳宗元|liu3 zong1 yuan2]], it emphasized that literature should serve as a vehicle for moral and philosophical truth.
- 孔壁古文 kǒngbìgǔwén ancient texts from the wall of ConfuciusAncient texts found inside a wall of the home of Confucius during the Han dynasty, including versions of the [[尚书|尚書|shang4 shu1]], [[礼记|禮記|li3 ji4]], [[论语|論語|lun2 yu3]], and [[孝经|孝經|xiao4 jing1]]; they were written in ancient scripts that predated the then-current clerical script.
- 古文物 gǔwénwù antiqueancient cultural relics or antiques
- 古文书学 gǔwénshūxué paleographythe study of ancient writings and manuscripts
- 古文字学 gǔwénzìxué paleographyThe study of ancient writing systems and the deciphering of historical manuscripts.
- 古文尚书 gǔwénshàngshū Old Text Classic of HistoryA classic historical text reportedly discovered in the walls of Confucius's former residence during the Han Dynasty; written in an ancient script, it contained more chapters than the version preserved by [[伏生|伏生|fu2 sheng1]]
