- 公私合营 gōngsīhéyíng joint state-private ownershipjoint public-private operation; specifically refers to the state-capitalist system used in China during the mid-1950s to transition private businesses into the socialist economy
- 官私合营 guānsīhéyíng joint state-private ownershipDescribing an enterprise where the government and private citizens or companies work together in joint ownership and operation