(literary) an official or bureaucrat, especially in imperial China

Historical name for the Ministry of Appointments or Civil Service, one of the [[六部|六部|liu4 bu4]] (Six Ministries) of imperial China; it was responsible for the appointment, evaluation, and promotion of officials.

corrupt and greedy government officials; specifically refers to those who abuse their power for personal gain or take bribes

the workstyle, conduct, and professional achievements of officials; local administration or the management of government personnel

(literary) a cruel and oppressive government official who abuses the law or uses harsh punishments

high-ranking official in charge of a border province or a large administrative region, such as a governor-general during the Qing dynasty

(literary) a low-ranking prison official or jailer in imperial China

(literary) high-ranking official or senior government officer; historically used to refer to provincial governors.

an upright official who does not take bribes or act corruptly; an incorruptible public servant

(literary) a subordinate official or underling

(literary) students and former subordinates; one's network of protégés and old followers.

an official who is dishonest or corrupt

(literary) a minor official who handles legal documents and paperwork; a petty clerk

(literary) a corrupt or greedy official

corrupt or greedy government officials as a group; corruption and abuse of power among those in authority

a cunning and wicked government official

(literary) a low-ranking government official; a subordinate functionary

(literary) A scribe or copyist; a government clerk in ancient China responsible for documents and records.

a minor official or a subordinate working under a higher-ranking official (also read zòng lì in historical contexts)

(literary) a mediocre, unlearned official who lacks vision or talent

(bound form) an acting magistrate or temporary official in historical times

a dynamic, shrewd, and capable government official or functionary

To refuse to submit to interrogation or humiliation from even the lowliest official; also used to describe cruel or harsh prison officials. It literally refers to an ancient legend where a wooden figure was carved into an official to intimidate people into telling the truth.

A low-ranking administrative official or assistant in ancient China

(literary) A minor official in charge of administrative tasks such as maintaining records or arresting criminals in a prefecture or military office

minor official; lower-level clerk in a government office who handles paperwork and documents

highest official of the Ministry of Personnel in imperial China, responsible for appointments, promotions, and civil service evaluations

traitorous ministers and corrupt officials; widespread abuse of power and corruption

an official or officer in charge of guarding a pass or checkpoint

(literary) low-ranking government official; minor clerk; beadle

unscrupulous or cunning minor official; a civil servant who is adept at using their position for personal gain or political maneuvering

a capable and experienced official

an official who follows the law and acts according to principles; a law-abiding and honest administrator

An official who carries out the orders of a court, such as delivering legal documents or seizing property; also known as [[执达员|執達員|zhi2 da2 yuan2]] in Taiwan.

(literary) a former subordinate official

a civil official or petty bureaucrat in former times

(literary) an official who administers the law; specifically a warden, prison guard, or court clerk

minor official in charge of a ferry or bridge in imperial China

An official who serves as the tool of a tyrannical ruler; a government agent who uses their position to bully or oppress others.

(bound form) an official stationed at the borders of a territory to guard and manage frontier affairs

an elderly or highly experienced official; an old hand in the civil service

(literary) low-level government official or clerk in imperial China

a capable official or administrator

a cruel or harsh government official

government officials who are corrupt and harm the people

(historical) official in charge of accounting and fiscal records in a feudal principality or commandery

(literary) an old name for a minor official or clerk in charge of the postal relay system

(archaic) high-ranking officials or administrative superiors; also used to refer to county officials in ancient times

a minor official or servant acting as a gatekeeper for a powerful family