A person addicted to drugs, especially opium, or a heavy smoker; often used humorously or sarcastically.

A man of noble character, integrity, and virtue; often contrasted with [[小人|小人|xiao3 ren2]].

The supreme head of state in a monarchy, such as an emperor or king; sovereign

a person who pretends to be noble and virtuous while actually being mean or dishonest

a cruel and oppressive ruler; despot

sovereign; king; a term for the hereditary ruler of a state

(honorific) a formal or literary term for a wife to address or refer to her husband; used extensively in historical or traditional contexts

Teresa Teng (1953-1995), a world-famous Taiwanese singer known for her sweet voice and folk ballads; she was particularly popular throughout East Asia and is remembered as a cultural icon.

(literary) an honorific term used to address a god or immortal

(archaic) a wife's way of addressing her husband

The ruler or highest leader of a country

a wise and capable ruler or monarch

Gentlemen; Ladies and Gentlemen; everyone present; used as a respectful way to address a group of people, often at the beginning of a speech

Junshan district of Yueyang city, Hunan Province

The religious title of [[老子|老子|lao3 zi3]] in Taoism, where he is worshipped as one of the Three Pure Ones and the primary deity of the Way.

An upright person or man of honor; someone of high moral character

A political system where a monarch serves as the head of state; can be categorized into absolute monarchy and constitutional monarchy

a heavenly god or deity, specifically a title for Taoist deities, particularly the gods of thunder

this person; used with a sense of familiarity or respect

(historical) A title granted to the mothers of high-ranking officials during the Tang and Song dynasties

Famous beauty of the Western Han dynasty, one of the four legendary beauties of ancient China; she was a court lady sent to marry a leader of the Xiongnu to secure peace along the border.

A fatuous, self-indulgent, or unprincipled ruler

A perennial herb with wide strap-like leaves and funnel-shaped reddish-yellow flowers; often grown for ornament.

(literary) to rule or reign as a monarch; to dominate or govern a region

the power or authority of a monarch; royal prerogative

Constantinople, the former name of [[伊斯坦堡|伊斯坦堡|yi1 si1 tan3 bao3]].

a ruler, king, or prince of a state

Lord Mengchang (died 279 BC), also known as Tian Wen, a famous aristocrat and statesman of the Qi State during the Warring States period; known for his hospitality, he famously maintained a retinue of three thousand houseguests and is remembered as one of the Four Lords of the Warring States.

Lord Xinling, the title of Wei Wuji (died 243 BC), a famous statesman of the state of Wei and one of the Four Lords of the Warring States. Known for his generosity and hospitality, he reportedly kept three thousand retainers. He is most famous for stealing the military tally to lead the Wei army to rescue the state of Zhao from a Qin siege.

A gentleman's friendship is based on shared ideals and is not overly intimate or formal; true friendship is simple and pure like water.

a man who is humble, polite, and of high character

A political system where a monarch acts as head of state while governing power is limited by a constitution and exercised by a cabinet

A famous courtesan and political activist in Nanjing during the late Ming dynasty; one of the Eight Beauties of Qinhuai, she is the heroine of the classic play [[桃花扇|桃花扇|tao2 hua1 shan4]]

A scholar or person of high character who lives in seclusion to avoid worldly affairs; a hermit

(c. 175–121 BC) A famous poet of the Western Han dynasty known for her talent, beauty, and elopement with the poet [[司马相如|司馬相如|si1 ma3 xiang1 ru2]]

A mythical or legendary country where the people are polite, humble, and simple; first described in the [[山海经|山海經|shan1 hai3 jing1]] as a place where people wear hats and swords and avoid conflict.

(?-238 BC) Title of the Warring States statesman [[黄歇|黃歇|huang2 xie1]], prime minister of the State of Chu; known for his skill in debate and as one of the Four Lords of the Warring States.

(proper noun) refers to Zhuo Wenjun, a famous poet of the Han dynasty known for her talent and romantic story; see [[卓文君|卓文君|zhuo2 wen2 jun1]]

An agreement based on trust and mutual promise rather than a formal signed contract, often made orally or through an exchange of letters; also called [[绅士协定|紳士協定|shen1 shi4 xie2 ding4]]

a system of government in which a monarch shares power with a constitutionally organized government

Lord Pingyuan (?-251 BC), also known as Zhao Sheng; a famous statesman of the State of Zhao during the Warring States period known for his hospitality and for hosting thousands of scholars. One of the Four Lords of the Warring States along with [[孟尝君|孟嘗君|meng4 chang2 jun1]], [[信陵君|信陵君|xin4 ling2 jun1]], and [[春申君|春申君|chun1 shen1 jun1]].

Heir apparent to the throne in a monarchy.

the monarch and his ministers; kings and their government officials

A pure and sincere friendship between people of integrity, which is described as being light and pure like water; also written as [[君子之交淡如水|君子之交淡如水|jun1 zi3 zhi1 jiao1 dan4 ru2 shui3]]

To go to any lengths or risk everything to accompany someone, often said jokingly when agreeing to join someone in an activity.

A legendary heroine from the [[杨家将|楊家將|yang2 jia1 jiang4]] stories of the Northern Song dynasty; the wife of General Yang Ye, she is famously depicted leading the twelve widows of the Yang family to war in her old age to defend the country.

to use a person's own methods to punish or deal with them

(idiom) to be faithful to the sovereign and devoted to one's country

(literary) my deceased father.