only; sole; unique; the one and only

materialism; the philosophical doctrine that physical matter is the primary reality and that consciousness is a product of matter; opposed to [[唯心主义|唯心主義|wei2 xin1 zhu3 yi4]]

only; alone; solely; nothing but

only; alone; just. It is often used to emphasize an exception or a unique case.

the philosophical doctrine that reality is a product of the mind or consciousness, rather than being material

Theory in Marxist philosophy that views the world as material and in a constant state of change through the struggle of opposites; the combination of materialism and dialectics.

philosophy of materialism; the view that matter is the fundamental substance in nature, and that mental states are results of material interactions

The view that the economic and material conditions of a society's production determine its social structure and development; also known as [[历史唯物主义|歷史唯物主義|li4 shi3 wei2 wu4 zhu3 yi4]]

philosophy of idealism; the doctrine that spirit or consciousness is the primary reality, and that the external world is a product of the mind

A philosophical method developed by Marx and Engels describing the fundamental laws of nature, society, and thought, based on the idea that material reality develops through the unity of opposites.

to be a yes-man; servile and submissive, echoing others without daring to express a different opinion

the state or quality of being the only one of its kind

to only fear that; for fear that; lest

(idiom) to seek only profit; to put profit before everything else without regard for anything else

to be anxious for the whole world to be in chaos; to desire universal disorder; hoping for trouble everywhere

(idiom) to appoint people based on personal favoritism or family ties rather than merit; to practice cronyism

to appoint people according to their ability and integrity rather than their personal connections; merit-based appointment

to always do exactly as one is told; to be at someone's beck and call; to obey every command without hesitation

A late-19th-century European literary and artistic movement that promoted "art for art's sake"; it holds that beauty is the only purpose of art, which should remain free from social, moral, or practical concerns.

The idealist view of history; philosophical concept that history is driven by human ideas or spiritual forces rather than material conditions.

A branch of philosophy that denies the objective existence of the physical world, asserting that an individual's thoughts, feelings, and consciousness are the root of all things and that the material world is merely a product of the mind.

Thinking of oneself as the most honorable or important; arrogant, autocratic, and bossy; originally from a Buddhist legend about the Buddha's birth.

voluntarism or volitionism; the philosophical view, often associated with [[叔本华|叔本華|shu1 ben3 hua2]], that the essence of the world is willpower

rationalism; a philosophical theory that emphasizes reason as the primary source of knowledge

A philosophical view that universal concepts or abstract objects do not exist in reality or in thought; instead, only individual objects exist while concepts are merely names. This position stands in contrast to [[实在论|實在論|shi2 zai4 lun4]].

to follow orders with the utmost care and caution; to carry out instructions to the letter

the philosophical theory that only the self can be known to exist, or that the world is a creation of the mind

not only this; moreover; furthermore

the philosophical theory that objects and the external world exist only as perceptions or mental states of the subject

A philosophical theory that uses idealism to explain social history, arguing that social consciousness determines social existence and that human thought is the fundamental cause of historical development; also known as [[唯心史观|唯心史觀|wei2 xin1 shi3 guan1]]

Theory developed by Marx and Engels that explains social development and history through material and economic conditions; also called [[唯物史观|唯物史觀|wei2 wu4 shi3 guan1]]

(slang) The only two of something; also used to mean one of only two of its kind.

(literary) precisely or just because; often used in the first part of a sentence to show a cause or reason.

To be at someone's beck and call; to follow orders blindly or without hesitation.

An exclamation used to express respectful or submissive agreement; "Yes!"; "Certainly!"

Literary phrase meaning to say "yes" or "no" in response to others

to be remarkably true to life; to be an exquisite imitation; describes an imitation or depiction that is vivid and lifelike

(philosophical) realism; the theory that objective things exist independently of human thought or perception

(bound form) materialistic; of or relating to philosophical materialism

A fan who only supports one specific member of a pop group rather than the whole group

An artistic or philosophical focus on beauty above all else; an outlook that values aesthetic quality over social, moral, or practical concerns

vijnaptimatra or Yogacara school of Buddhist philosophy which asserts that all phenomena are manifestations of the mind

The Vijnaptimatrata or Consciousness-Only school of Mahayana Buddhism, founded in China by Xuanzang; it teaches that all phenomena are manifestations of the mind and is also known as [[法相宗|法相宗|fa3 xiang4 zong1]], [[瑜伽宗|瑜伽宗|yu2 jia1 zong1]], or [[慈恩宗|慈恩宗|ci2 en1 zong1]].

to respond affirmatively; to express agreement or compliance

(computing) describing a file, program, or memory that can be accessed or read but cannot be modified or rewritten

a type of computer data storage that can only be read from and not written to; also known as ROM

A type of computer memory where data is permanently or semi-permanently stored and can only be read, not modified; typically used for start-up programs and basic input/output systems

relating to phenomenology, especially in the context of scientific models that describe observed phenomena without explaining their fundamental causes

phenomenological theory; a theoretical approach in physics that focuses on describing observable phenomena without necessarily explaining their underlying causes