The study of soil properties and composition, including soil chemistry, physics, and microbiology; pedology; agrology

The protection and management of soil to prevent erosion and maintain its natural function; achieved through specific land use and management practices.

the process by which the top layer of soil is worn away by water or wind

Environmental degradation where soil quality deteriorates due to the presence of waste, fertilizers, heavy metals, or wastewater; often results in the loss of land's agricultural productivity and fertility

Soil and small streams; used to describe how small things accumulate to form a massive whole, similar to "great oaks from little acorns grow"

Mount Tai does not turn away any soil; used to describe how a great person or state must be inclusive and gather small things to become truly great