Chinese violet; a perennial herb in the violet family used in traditional medicine to treat inflammation and swelling; also called [[堇菜|堇菜|jin3 cai4]]

land tax and poll tax system of the Qing dynasty

Perennial herb with yellow flowers and white milky sap, whose mature seeds form a white fluffy ball that spreads in the wind; used in traditional medicine. Same as [[蒲公英|蒲公英|pu2 gong1 ying1]].