垝垣
guǐ​yuán

ruined wall

垝 guǐ dilapidated

Character Evolution

Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD

Historical Pronunciations

Old Chinese
Zhengzhangkrolʔ
krols

說文解字

毀垣也。从土危聲。《詩》曰：“乘彼垝垣。”

Sources

Readings & variants
Unicode
Historical pronunciations
Zhengzhang Shangfang
Historical images
Academia Sinica
Etymology
Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字)

垣 yuán low wall

Phonosemantic compound. 土 represents the meaning and 亘 represents the sound.

Components

土
土 Meaning component
tǔ earth
亘
亘 Sound component
gèn, xuān, gèng turn around, turn back

Character Evolution

Bronze form
Bronze Late Warring States ~250 BC
Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Qin 221-206 BC
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD
Regular Modern

Historical Pronunciations

Middle ChineseOld ChineseGloss
Baxter-Sagarthjwon[ɢ]ʷarwall
Zhengzhangɢʷan
Unicodehiuæn

說文解字

牆也。从土亘聲。

Sources

Readings & variants
Unicode
Historical pronunciations
Baxter-SagartZhengzhang Shangfang
Historical images
Academia Sinica
Etymology
Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字)