The study of Chinese sounds and their historical evolution, including the analysis of initials, finals, and tones; also called [[音韵学|音韻學|yin1 yun4 xue2]]

To follow a rhyming scheme where the final rhyming syllable must be in the classical first or second tone, known as the [[平声|平聲|ping2 sheng1]].

A rhyme that ends in a nasal consonant, such as "-m", "-n", or "-ng".

In traditional Chinese phonology, a rhyme or syllable that does not end in a nasal consonant (including open syllables and those ending in stop consonants)