(literary) the educated elite of ancient China, including both government officials and scholars of high social standing; literati

High-ranking government official in ancient China, second in rank only to the prime minister; responsible for supervising and impeaching other officials and managing imperial archives.

(literary) high officials in ancient China; later used more generally to refer to the nobility or the ruling class; a combination of two ancient ranks, [[卿|卿|qing1]] and [[大夫|大夫|da4 fu1]]

An honorific title given to high-ranking officials from the Warring States period through the Qing dynasty; originally a court advisor, it later became a prestigious honorary rank for top-tier civil officials.

An ancient Chinese legal and social principle stating that high officials should not be subjected to physical penalties or common law punishments, emphasizing their status and moral self-discipline over legal coercion.

honorary title for certain government officials during the Song Dynasty

an honorary civil official rank used in various dynasties including the Tang and Qing

(historical) a high-ranking official title used in government service during the imperial era

a medical quack or charlatan; used as a mocking term for an unskilled or incompetent doctor

Official post of the state of Chu during the Spring and Autumn period, responsible for the three royal clans Zhao, Qu, and Jing; also refers specifically to the poet [[屈原|屈原|qu1 yuan2]] who held this post.

(literary) official title for a high-ranking imperial advisor whose duty was to advise the emperor on his conduct and policy errors; first established in the Qin Dynasty.

honorific title for a high-ranking government official during the Song dynasty

the physician responsible for a specific patient's care or for a specialty department; attending physician

(literary) my late father, used in honorific contexts