An uneducated person or someone who lacks culture; often used today as a self-deprecating way to refer to oneself as a simple or rustic person.

the first or primary wife in a polygamous household, as opposed to a concubine or secondary wife

honorific used for high-ranking officials in the Qing dynasty; later used more broadly for a master or a self-important person of high status

a very long distance; used to describe a great distance away or having traveled from far away

A person who pretends to be wealthy, important, or powerful but is actually a hollow sham; someone who puts on a grand front but lacks real ability or means.

Respectful form of address for an impartial official or magistrate in imperial China; often used by common people when pleading for justice.

A successful business owner or high-level entrepreneur who is recognized for their professional achievements.