the mother of a reigning emperor; also referred to as [[太后|太后|tai4 hou4]]

honorific title for Empress Dowager Ci'an (1837-1881), who served as coregent of the Qing dynasty along with the Empress Dowager of the West

Empress Dowager Cixi (1835-1908), the regent and effective ruler of the Qing dynasty from 1861 until her death; also known as [[西太后|西太后|xi1 tai4 hou4]] or the Old Buddha

Second Epistle of St Paul to Timothy in the New Testament

queen mother; queen dowager; the widow of a reigning king

The Empress Dowager of the late Qing Dynasty who was the actual ruler of China for forty-seven years. She is also known as [[慈禧太后|慈禧太后|ci2 xi3 tai4 hou4]] or by the nickname [[老佛爷|老佛爺|lao3 fo2 ye5]].

the grandmother of the reigning emperor

Empress Dowager Ci'an (1837-1881) of the Qing dynasty; also known as the [[东太后|東太后|dong1 tai4 hou4]], she served as regent for the Tongzhi and Guangxu emperors alongside [[慈禧太后|慈禧太后|ci2 xi3 tai4 hou4]].