Hawaii, a US state

unthinkable or bizarre; used to describe ideas, words, or actions that are so strange they cannot be understood through normal reasoning

A mountain range in Fujian Province famous for its tea and scenic peaks; also refers to the Wuyishan National Nature Reserve.

to level or completely destroy buildings or high ground until the area is flat

(literary) to despise; to look down on; to feel contempt for

to head off disaster or change a dangerous situation into a safe one; to avert danger

a general term used in ancient times for non-Han ethnic groups living outside the central regions of China; sometimes refers specifically to groups in the south

incendiary bomb; any bomb, projectile, or bullet containing flammable substances used to ignite targets

The lily magnolia tree (Magnolia liliiflora), a deciduous tree with purple-and-white fragrant flowers that bloom in early spring before the leaves

(historical) Collective term used in ancient China for non-Han peoples or tribes living to the east, specifically in present-day Shandong and coastal regions.

(literary) an old term for a foreigner, often used in historical or traditional contexts

Wuyishan, a county-level city in [[南平市|南平市|nan2 ping2 shi4]], Fujian

Hawaii; US state located in the Central Pacific Ocean whose capital is [[檀香山|檀香山|tan2 xiang1 shan1]]

to level something; to raze to the ground

Elder brother of Shu Qi and a legendary figure of the late Shang dynasty who was known for his virtue and loyalty. Together with his brother, he chose to starve rather than serve the Zhou dynasty.

Yiling, a district of Yichang city, Hubei; also an ancient name for Yichang itself, located east of the modern city. In the Spring and Autumn Period, it was the site of the tombs of the early kings of the State of Chu.

(historical) A collective name used in ancient China for various non-Han ethnic groups inhabiting what are now parts of Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, and northern Southeast Asia.

(literary) to exterminate an entire family or clan as a punishment in ancient China

Yiling District in Yichang City, Hubei province

The 36th of the 64 hexagrams in the [[易经|易經|yi4 jing1]], representing "darkening of the light"; it consists of the trigram [[离|離|li2]] below [[坤|坤|kun1]].

Literally meaning "to respect the king and expel the barbarians"; it refers to a political slogan used during the Spring and Autumn period to unite the Chinese states under the authority of the Zhou ruler to resist outside groups.

(idiom) To play off one foreign power against another; to use foreigners to subdue other foreigners. Historically used to describe the policy of letting different groups of outsiders fight among themselves to weaken them. Also used as a late Qing slogan for adopting Western technology to defend against foreign imperialism.

Hawaii Island; the largest and southernmost of the Hawaiian Islands

Yellow River water god; also known as the deity [[河伯|河伯|he2 bo2]].

Literally "to walk on dangerous ground as if on level ground"; used to describe handling a crisis effortlessly, remaining calm in danger, or overcoming difficulties without fear.

(literary) a collective term for the non-Chinese peoples bordering ancient China, historically categorized as [[东夷|東夷|dong1 yi2]], [[西戎|西戎|xi1 rong2]], [[南蛮|南蠻|nan2 man2]], and [[北狄|北狄|bei3 di2]]

(literary) to decline; to decay; to deteriorate; also written as [[陵夷|陵夷|ling2 yi2]]

Literally "to use the Huaxia (Chinese) culture to change the barbarians"; refers to the process of influencing other ethnic groups or cultures through the adoption of Chinese customs and values. Originates from the classical text [[孟子|孟子|meng4 zi3]]

(literary) collective name for non-Chinese ethnic groups living in all four directions in ancient times; all kinds of barbarians

to use foreigners to control other foreigners; a strategy of using barbarians to keep other barbarians in check

the three foreign religions that entered China by the Tang dynasty, specifically [[景教|景教|jing3 jiao4]] (Nestorianism), [[摩尼教|摩尼教|mo2 ni2 jiao4]] (Manichaeism), and [[祆教|祆教|xian1 jiao4]] (Zoroastrianism)

(literary) those of the same generation; peers; equals

to use foreigners or barbarians to fight against other foreigners or barbarians

(Buddhism) A female lay practitioner who has taken refuge in the Three Jewels and observes the Five Precepts; one of the seven categories of Buddhist disciples.

two brothers from the end of the Shang Dynasty known for their loyalty and for choosing to starve rather than serve the Zhou Dynasty

god of the Yellow River in Chinese mythology

Geological process where erosive forces like water, wind, or ice wear down high land and fill in low areas to level the ground surface.

flat and wide, typically describing a road or terrain

the edible seed of the macadamia tree; also known as the Queensland nut

(literary) To execute an entire family line, from ancestors to descendants, as punishment for severe crimes such as treason.

to sit with one's legs spread out while waiting for someone; to squat and wait in an impolite or disrespectful manner

A major collection of supernatural tales and anecdotes compiled by the Southern Song scholar Hong Mai. Originally comprising 420 volumes, of which only 50 survive, the title refers to a passage in [[列子|列子|lie4 zi3]] describing a man who recorded the wonders he heard. It is an important source for Song dynasty folklore and later literature.

alternate name for the Xiling Gorge area along the Yangtze River

to slaughter or exterminate; to kill in order to punish or eliminate a group

level and broad; expansive; open and broad-minded

Name of an ancient country, possibly referring to Taiwan in early historical records

to massacre; to wipe out; to exterminate

calm; composed; unperturbed