Hawaii, US state

so strange or unusual that it is difficult for an ordinary person to conceive or understand

Mount Wuyi, a scenic mountain range located in Fujian province, China, famous for its tea and Danxia landforms.

to completely level or flatten a building, city, or area to the ground, typically through destruction

to despise; to look down on; to feel contempt for

to turn peril into safety; to avert disaster

A general historical term used in ancient China to refer to ethnic groups living outside the central Han territory.

Eastern Barbarians, non-Han tribes living to the east of China around 2200 BC

Wuyishan, a county-level city in Nanping City [[南平市|南平市|Nan2 ping2 Shi4]], Fujian

to level; to raze to the ground

Yiling District of Yichang City [[宜昌市|宜昌市|Yi2 chang1 Shi4]], Hubei

A late Qing dynasty policy advocating the adoption of Western science and technology to counter imperialist encroachment.

the island of Hawaii

to handle a crisis effortlessly

to deteriorate or decline in status, power, or condition

foreign invaders or aggressors, typically used as a derogatory term in a historical context

the three foreign religions introduced to China by the time of the Tang dynasty: Nestorianism, Manichaeism, and Zoroastrianism

to gradually deteriorate, slump, or decline, often used in historical contexts regarding power or social standards

to massacre

open-hearted and magnanimous in character

name of an ancient barbarian country, possibly Taiwan

to massacre or exterminate completely, especially a family or clan

calm; unperturbed

to hesitate

a general and often derogatory term for foreigners or people perceived as uncivilized

the Yi gate of [[大梁|大梁|Da4 liang2]], capital of [[魏|魏|Wei4]] during the Warring States period

"learn from the foreigners in order to gain command of them", idea advocated by [[魏源|魏源|Wei4 Yuan2]]

to repel or expel foreigners (traditionally referred to as barbarians)

smiling genially or having a pleased and peaceful facial expression

Ancient ethnic group of Japan (Emishi or Ebisu), thought to be related to the modern Ainu people