- 独生子女 dúshēngzǐnǚ only childthe only son or daughter born to a couple; an only child
- 非婚生子女 fēihūnshēngzǐnǚ illegitimate childChildren born to parents who are not legally married to each other.
- 婚生子女 hūnshēngzǐnǚ legitimate childrenchildren born in wedlock or within a legal marriage relationship
- 父母子女 fùmǔzǐnǚ parents and childrenparents and their children; refers to the closest direct blood relatives in a family
- 独生子女政策 dúshēngzǐnǚzhèngcè one-child policyThe population planning policy of China which generally restricted families to having only one child
- 私生子女 sīshēngzǐnǚ illegitimate childA child born to parents who are not legally married.
- 继子女 jìzǐnǚ adopted childrenchildren brought into a family through traditional succession [[过继|過繼|guo4 ji4]] or formal adoption
- 亲生子女 qīnshēngzǐnǚ one's own childrenone's own biological children, as opposed to children who are adopted
