the front and back covers of a book, magazine, or other publication; the whole outer casing of a volume

to seal off or block access to a place by force or authority

To be closed off or isolated from the outside world; often used to describe outdated thinking or a narrow, inward-looking mindset.

The political system of enfeoffment where a monarch grants land to relatives or officials to establish vassal states; the feudal social system.

envelope; a paper sleeve or cover for a letter

to seal up; to seal hermetically or airtight

to break or open a seal; to open something that has been sealed

to seal up, seize, or sequester property or an institution; to close down an office or business by legal force or official order to prevent its further use or activity

To blacklist or ban someone or something from public appearance or the media

to seal up for storage or preservation; to mothball

To complete the main structure of a building by putting on the roof.

to seal inside a package or container; to wrap and close tightly; to encapsulate or enclose an object for protection or concealment

A type of social organization characterized by the presence of landlords and peasants; a society dominated by feudalism.

to seal or close an opening tightly

To be covered in dust; to be laid idle or kept in storage for a long time.

to be completely covered or sealed by ice or snow; icebound

To seal or close an opening, such as on an envelope, bag, or container.

a social system and ideology based on land ownership by landlords and the exploitation of the peasantry

to cap, seal, or cover something

A strip of paper used to seal doors, windows, or containers, often bearing an official seal and date to indicate that unauthorized entry or tampering is prohibited.

a line or border established to cut off a certain area from the outside, typically using military or police force; cordon

describing a society or system that has been impacted by foreign economic or political forces but still retains many characteristics of feudalism

left completely unchanged or untouched; literally means the original seal has not been disturbed

a seal placed on an envelope, container, or warehouse to prevent unauthorized opening

Kaifeng, a prefecture-level city in [[河南|河南|he2 nan2]] Province on the southern bank of the Yellow River. It is one of the ancient capitals of China, previously known as [[汴梁|汴梁|bian4 liang2]].

To block the roads or passes into a mountain, often due to heavy snow, making it inaccessible

to restrict or close off access to a mountainous area for a period of time to allow natural forest regeneration and prevent activities like grazing, logging, or land clearing

To give oneself a title or status; self-appointed or self-styled. This term often carries a negative tone, implying the title is undeserved.

to formally confer a title, rank, or land upon a relative, consort, or official by a monarch

Dengfeng, a county-level city in Zhengzhou, Henan Province

The quality of being closed, restricted, or isolated; the state of being encapsulated or self-contained.

feudalism; the feudal system, originally referring to the historical Chinese social and political system of land distribution based on rank

Complacent and conservative; unwilling to make progress or accept new ideas. This form is a variant of [[故步自封|故步自封|gu4 bu4 zi4 feng1]].

to open something that has been sealed, such as mail, a container, or packaging

land granted by a monarch to a vassal in a feudal society; fiefdom or manor

The back cover of a book or periodical; also known as [[封四|封四|feng1 si4]].

To seal something up with a paper strip or seal, such as a door or a document.

(of an emperor) to divide land or titles among members of the royal family or meritorious officials

A large envelope, folder, or protective covering made of paper, cloth, or plastic used for documents, books, or records

Dengfeng, a county-level city in [[郑州市|鄭州市|zheng4 zhou1 shi4]], Henan

Special envelope issued by a post office to commemorate a major event, famous person, or significant occurrence, often featuring themed text and designs for stamp collectors.

to freeze over completely, such as the surface of a body of water

The outer cover of a modern book, including the front cover, back cover, and spine

an envelope with new stamps postmarked on their first day of issue

ancient imperial ritual involving sacrifices to Heaven and Earth, performed by an emperor at Mount Tai to celebrate the dynasty's peace and prosperity; specifically, building an altar at the mountaintop to worship Heaven is called [[封|封|feng1]] and clearing land at the base to worship Earth is called [[禅|禪|shan4]]

to prohibit; to ban (e.g. narcotics or movies); to seize and close down a place of business

To open something that has been sealed, such as an envelope, wrapper, or container

To block or seal a pass; to close the door to the outside world.

The front cover of a book or magazine, usually containing the title, author, and publisher; also known as [[封面|封面|feng1 mian4]].