rock; natural aggregate of minerals that makes up the earth's crust

magma; lava; molten rock found beneath or erupted from the Earth's crust, which forms igneous rock when cooled

molten rock that flows from a volcano or fissure in the earth; the rock formed when this material cools and solidifies

A hard, igneous rock consisting mainly of quartz, mica, and feldspar; often used as a building material. Also called [[花岗石|花崗石|hua1 gang1 shi2]].

Longyan, a prefecture-level city in Fujian province

A landscape or geological feature formed by the dissolution of soluble rocks such as limestone or marble; also called [[喀斯特|喀斯特|ka1 si1 te4]].

sedimentary rock consisting of sand or quartz grains cemented together, often used as building material

rock climbing; to climb or clamber up a rock wall or artificial climbing wall; the sport or recreational activity of climbing rock faces

rock stratum or rock formation in the Earth's crust; layers of rock that are plate-like or bedded in structure

rock formed by the cooling and solidification of magma at or near the earth's surface; lava

limestone; a type of sedimentary rock

a cavern or grotto formed by the erosion of rock by groundwater

a type of sedimentary rock composed primarily of clay minerals; mudstone or shale

a type of sedimentary rock formed from mud or clay that splits easily into thin layers

a type of hard, dark volcanic rock composed mainly of plagioclase and pyroxene, often used as a building material

a cliff, steep rock face, or natural stone wall; a dike or palisade

cliff painting or rock carving; drawings found on rocks, cave walls, or cliffs created by ancient people to depict their lives, imagination, and desires

Yunyan District of Guiyang City in Guizhou province

Huangyan district of Taizhou city, Zhejiang province

a type of sedimentary rock mainly composed of calcium carbonate, commonly known as [[青石|青石|qing1 shi2]]

Longyan, a prefecture-level city in Fujian Province

rock composed of fragments or particles derived from pre-existing rocks

Sedimentary rock made of rounded pebbles and gravel held together by silica, clay, or other mineral substances.

a cylindrical rock sample obtained by drilling into the ground during geological exploration, used for analyzing strata or mineral deposits

a type of sedimentary rock composed primarily of the mineral dolomite; used in steelmaking, soil treatment, and as a refractory material

gneiss; a type of metamorphic rock formed under high temperature and pressure with a banded structure typically composed of quartz, mica, feldspar, and hornblende

rock formed from existing rock that has undergone changes in mineral composition or structure due to intense heat or pressure

siltstone; siltite

One of the three major types of rock that make up the earth's crust, formed through the accumulation and hardening of mineral or organic particles; also called [[水成岩|水成岩|shui3 cheng2 yan2]]

a type of metamorphic rock with a layered or flaky structure composed of mineral grains like mica or quartz

The outer layer of the earth consisting of rock

salt found in sedimentary layers of the earth's crust, formed by the evaporation of ancient seawater or lake water; also called halite

slate; a type of fine-grained metamorphic rock characterized by its ability to be split into thin, flat layers

A type of volcanic rock formed from the accumulation and consolidation of volcanic ash, dust, sand, and clay; often reddish-brown, yellow, or gray in color.

rock mostly composed of silica; silicalite

peridotite or olivinite; a type of coarse-grained igneous rock found in the earth's mantle

rock specimen; core sample

Rock formed from the cooling and solidification of molten magma or lava; also called [[岩浆岩|岩漿岩|yan2 jiang1 yan2]]

A type of acidic volcanic glass that forms pearl-like structures when it cracks; it is commonly used as a building material or for improving agricultural soil.

A type of rock composed of broken fragments of minerals or rock cemented together by a fine-grained matrix; characterized by large, angular fragments over two millimeters in size.

steep and high rock face

marble; a metamorphic rock formed from limestone, often used in construction and decoration

a dark sedimentary rock containing oil that can be extracted through distillation

A dark-colored, coarse-grained igneous rock composed primarily of plagioclase and pyroxene; commonly used as a construction material.

bharal; a medium-sized wild sheep with a blue-gray coat found in the high Himalayas and Western China

magmatite; igneous rock; magmatic rock

Huangyan District of Taizhou City in Zhejiang province

the process of drilling or boring into rock, typically used in mining or construction context