to leave military service; to retire from active duty, as a soldier or officer

military campaign; battle; a series of linked military operations in a specific area and time intended to achieve a strategic goal

To perform military service or serve in the armed forces; can also refer to athletes serving in professional organizations

Military service performed by a citizen from enlistment until discharge; the status of being in active service

Military service performed by citizens who are not currently on active duty but remain available for call-up in a state of readiness; a key method for a nation to maintain its military reserves.

to enslave; to treat people like slaves or beasts of burden

The legal obligation of a citizen to serve in the armed forces for a specific period of time

Short-term criminal punishment involving deprivation of freedom, often served with labor; the duration typically ranges from one month up to six months (Mainland China) or from one day to less than two months (Taiwan)

To serve in the army; to perform one's mandatory military service duty.

a bailiff or minor official serving in a [[衙门|衙門|ya2 men5]] in imperial China

forced labor; penal servitude; labor required of a serf or subject (corvée)

(literary) forced, unpaid labor required of commoners by the government or a feudal lord

forced labor; penal servitude; heavy and exhausting physical work performed under compulsion

The Huaihai Campaign (Nov 1948-Jan 1949), one of the three major battles fought by the People's Liberation Army near the end of the Chinese Civil War; often considered the decisive battle of the war.

The legal framework and regulations enacted by a state regarding the military service obligations of its citizens.

servant; domestic worker; someone hired to do chores and labor

Various small tasks, chores, or errands; historically used in government offices or wealthy households

unpaid forced labor required by the government in ancient times, such as building walls, repairing roads, or guarding borders

(literary) a collective term for taxes and forced labor services

To complete a long or multi-stage task in a single effort; often used as an idiom to describe finishing everything all at once.

Liaoshen Campaign (Sep-Nov 1948), the first of the three major campaigns by the People's Liberation Army near the end of the Chinese Civil War

to put to work as a laborer or animal; to make use of for labor; to command a servant or supernatural being

To use an animal or a servant to perform labor; same as [[役使|役使|yi4 shi3]].

Pingjin Campaign (Nov 1948 - Jan 1949), one of the three major campaigns by the People's Liberation Army near the end of the Chinese Civil War.

compulsory military service; a system where citizens are required by law to serve in the military for a certain period of time

To be exempted from serving, usually referring to military service or formerly to corvée labor.

To use (especially an animal) for work or labor.

(literary) workers or servants who are hired or conscripted to perform manual labor or miscellaneous tasks

labor related to building or civil engineering projects

draft animal or beast of burden used for farm work or transport, such as horses, oxen, or donkeys

(historical) a government runner or bailiff in ancient China responsible for tracking and arresting criminals

person employed to perform services for another

(literary) an adult male who is conscripted for labor service

a custodian or errand runner in a government office or public institution; an old term for a low-ranking public servant

(literary) A doorman or servant at the gate of a government office in former times.

Traditional term for a waiter or attendant in an inn, or on a train or ship.

to hold two jobs or perform two tasks at the same time; to serve in a dual capacity

Battle of Britain (July–October 1940)

The Battle of Midway, a major naval battle in the Pacific Theater of World War II in June 1942

clerk or copyist in a government office in imperial China who handled official documents and records

(old usage) unpaid labor that adult men were required by the government to perform, such as repairing city walls, building bridges, or serving in the military; also written [[徭役|徭役|yao2 yi4]]

Taiwan holiday on March 1st commemorating the implementation of the military service law.

labor service or personal service forced upon people by the state; corvée

servants who perform menial tasks or low-level manual labor

Military reserve service for citizens not currently on active duty but not yet retired from military obligation; also called [[预备役|預備役|yu4 bei4 yi4]]

(legal) an easement or land-based servitude where one landowner has a right over the land of another

An open prison facility where selected low-risk inmates are managed under less restrictive supervision and typically engage in agricultural work or public infrastructure projects.

The practice or condition of being enslaved; helotism or dulosis

The Battle of Mt Mengliang in Shandong, fought in 1947 during the Chinese Civil War between the Nationalists and the Communists