unpaid forced labor required by the government in ancient times, such as building walls, repairing roads, or guarding borders

to impose light taxes and low labor duties; to practice a policy of low taxation for the relief of the populace

compulsory labor and military service on the frontier; the practice of conscripting men for defense at the border

Compulsory labor service and tax payments; conscript labor and agricultural duties owed to the state.the state.