恐怖袭击
kǒng​bù​xí​jī

terrorist attack

恐 kǒng fear

Phonosemantic compound. 心 represents the meaning and 巩 represents the sound.

Components

巩
巩 Sound component
gǒng secure, bind
心
心 Meaning component
xīn, xin heart

Character Evolution

Bronze form
Bronze Late Warring States ~250 BC
Seal form
Seal Warring States (Chu) 475-221 BC
Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Qin 221-206 BC
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD
Regular Modern

Historical Pronunciations

Middle ChineseOld ChineseGloss
Baxter-SagartkhjowngXkʰ(r)oŋʔ fear

說文解字

《說文》：“恐，懼也。从心，巩聲。，古文。”

Sources

Character origin
漢語多功能字庫
Readings & variants
Unicode
Historical pronunciations
Baxter-Sagart
Historical images
Academia Sinica
Etymology
Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字)

怖 bù terror

Phonosemantic compound. 忄 represents the meaning and 布 represents the sound.

Components

忄
忄 Meaning component
xin, xīn heart

忄 is a component form of 心.

布
布 Sound component
bù cotton cloth

Character Evolution

Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD
Regular Modern

Historical Pronunciations

Old Chinese
Zhengzhangpʰaːs

Sources

Readings & variants
Unicode
Historical pronunciations
Zhengzhang Shangfang
Historical images
Academia Sinica

袭 xí raid Simplified

Original meaning: putting on extra clothing

Simplified form of 襲. Phonosemantic compound. 衣 represents the meaning and 龖 represents the sound.

Components

龖
龖 SoundSimplifiedRemnant component
dá flight of a dragon
衣
衣 Meaning component
yī clothes

Sources

Character origin
漢語多功能字庫
Readings & variants
Unicode

击 jī strike Simplified

Simplified form of 擊. Based on the cursive form of the phonetic component 毄.

Components

毄
毄 SoundSimplifiedRemnant component
to hit against
擊
手 Deleted component
shǒu, shou hand

This component was deleted for simplification.

Component uses

Simplified (1)

陆

Sources

Readings & variants
Unicode

襲 xí raid Traditional

Original meaning: putting on extra clothing

Phonosemantic compound. 衣 represents the meaning and 龖 represents the sound.

Components

龖
龖 SoundRemnant component
dá flight of a dragon
衣
衣 Meaning component
yī clothes

Character Evolution

Bronze form
Bronze Mid Western Zhou ~900 BC
Seal form
Seal Qin 221-206 BC
Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Qin 221-206 BC
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD
Regular Modern

Historical Pronunciations

Middle ChineseOld ChineseGloss
Baxter-Sagartzipsə-l[ə]p repeat; additional robe
zipsə.l[ə]p surprise attack

說文解字

《說文》：“襲，左衽袍。从衣，龖省聲。，籀文襲不省。”

Sources

Character origin
漢語多功能字庫
Readings & variants
Unicode
Historical pronunciations
Baxter-Sagart
Historical images
Academia Sinica
Etymology
Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字)

擊 jī strike Traditional

Phonosemantic compound. 毄 represents the sound and 手 represents the meaning.

Components

毄
毄 SoundMeaning component
to hit against
手
手 Meaning component
shǒu, shou hand

Character Evolution

Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD
Regular Modern

Historical Pronunciations

Middle ChineseOld ChineseGloss
Baxter-Sagartkekkˤik strike (v.)

說文解字

《說文》：“擊，攴也。从手，聲。”

Sources

Character origin
漢語多功能字庫
Readings & variants
Unicode
Historical pronunciations
Baxter-Sagart
Historical images
Academia Sinica
Etymology
Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字)