惊惧
jīng​jù

terrified

惊 jīng startle, frighten Simplified

Phonosemantic compound. 忄 represents the meaning and 京 represents the sound. Simplified form of 驚.

Components

忄
忄 Meaning component
xin, xīn heart

忄 is a component form of 心.

京
京 Sound component
jīng capital city

Sources

Readings & variants
Unicode

惧 jù fear Simplified

Phonosemantic compound. 忄 represents the meaning and 具 represents the sound. Simplified form of 懼.

Components

忄
忄 Meaning component
xin, xīn heart

忄 is a component form of 心.

具
具 Sound component
jù, ju tool

Sources

Readings & variants
Unicode

驚 jīng startle, frighten Traditional

Phonosemantic compound. 馬 represents the meaning and 敬 represents the sound.

Components

敬
敬 Sound component
jìng respect
馬
馬 Meaning component
mǎ horse

Character Evolution

Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD
Regular Modern

Historical Pronunciations

Middle ChineseOld ChineseGloss
Baxter-Sagartkjaengkreŋ be afraid

說文解字

《說文》：“驚，馬駭也。从馬，敬聲。”

Sources

Character origin
漢語多功能字庫
Readings & variants
Unicode
Historical pronunciations
Baxter-Sagart
Historical images
Academia Sinica
Etymology
Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字)

懼 jù fear Traditional

Components

忄
忄 Meaning component
xin, xīn heart

heart

瞿
瞿 Sound component
qú, jù, jí surname

Character Evolution

Bronze form
Bronze Late Warring States ~250 BC
Seal form
Seal Warring States (Chu) 475-221 BC
Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Qin 221-206 BC
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Three Kingdoms (Cao Wei) 222-280 AD
Regular Modern

Historical Pronunciations

Middle ChineseOld ChineseGloss
Baxter-SagartgjuH[ɡ]ʷ(r)a(k)-sfear (v.)
Zhengzhangɡʷas
Unicodeghiò

說文解字

恐也。从心瞿聲。

Sources

Readings & variants
Unicode
Historical pronunciations
Baxter-SagartZhengzhang Shangfang
Historical images
Academia Sinica
Etymology
Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字)