A group or collection of people or things categorized or processed together

to approve, ratify, or sanction; specifically used when a superior or higher authority agrees to a request, opinion, or suggestion from a subordinate

to point out faults, mistakes, or shortcomings

to review and authorize a plan, report, or application, typically from a subordinate or lower level

a large batch of; in large numbers; a great deal of

To analyze and judge something's merit or limitations; to evaluate or assess from a critical or philosophical perspective

To buy or sell goods in large quantities; bulk trade or distribution.

the first group or batch of things or people; same as [[第一批|第一批|di4 yi1 pi1]]

done in large quantities or multiple groups, such as for production or purchasing

to issue an official written reply to a report or request from a subordinate body

To write comments or instructions on a report or request submitted by a subordinate

to do something in batches or groups; in turn

lot number or production batch number of a manufactured product

act of analyzing and criticizing one's own faults or mistakes

to submit a report to a higher authority for review and approval

an official written ruling or document issued by a superior in response to a submission; formal approval in writing

a horizontal scroll for inscriptions, usually with four characters, placed above the center of a pair of vertical couplets

to officially approve or authorize an arrest, particularly as a formal legal decision made by a procuratorate

a person or business that buys goods in large quantities and sells them to retailers; distributor

The price of goods when sold in large quantities, typically lower than the retail price but higher than the factory price

a person who professionally analyzes and evaluates works, especially in the fields of literature and art

to expose and criticize; to reveal and denounce

to publicly denounce and humiliate someone at a meeting, often involving physical abuse; especially used regarding the Cultural Revolution period

in groups or batches; one group after another

to check, correct, and provide feedback on written work such as students' homework, exam papers, or essays

to criticize and refute an argument, theory, or opinion

a person who expresses disapproval or offers judgments; critic; detractor

To write comments or instructions on a document from a subordinate and transmit it to relevant departments for action or circulation; to endorse and distribute.

to be specially examined and approved; to grant special permission, sometimes implying an exception to normal rules or regulations

written comments or remarks on a piece of writing, such as an essay, a book, or homework; commentary

(Cultural Revolution slogan) fight self-interest and repudiate revisionism; it involves a struggle against private ownership and the pursuit of individual gain while attacking departures from orthodox Marxism

(bound form) to sell both wholesale and retail; the combined activities of wholesaling and retailing

To read through a document, manuscript, or report while writing down comments, corrections, or instructions; to read through and evaluate.

an official document approved or signed by a superior authority; an official reply to a subordinate body containing written instructions or a decision

To be criticized or to suffer blame; to undergo criticism or a public denunciation

To add comments, notes, or explanations to a text; to write marginalia.

The analysis and evaluation of writers, works, trends, or movements in literature and art based on specific standards or viewpoints

(historical) To struggle, criticize, and transform; a slogan and policy used during the Cultural Revolution.

brief note written by a superior containing instructions or authorization

to sell goods in large quantities at a wholesale price, typically from a wholesaler to a retailer

to approve or grant a request for vacation or time off

The wholesale business; bulk trade.

a note or slip of paper containing instructions or an authorization from a superior or a government official

to buy goods in large quantities at wholesale prices

(computing) the execution of a series of programs or tasks on a computer without manual intervention

Comments, notes, or annotations written in the top margin of a book, document, or manuscript

comments written in red ink, typically by an emperor on a memorial or official document

to add critical marks, circles, or comments to a text while reading; to punctuate and annotate

(bound form) a batch or lot of products