abstract thought or logical thinking; the process of using induction, deduction, analysis, and synthesis to reveal the essence of things; distinct from [[形象思维|形象思維|xing2 xiang4 si1 wei2]]

The quality of being abstract or theoretical rather than concrete.

to make abstract or generalize; the process or result of doing so

The school of abstract art; a movement in art that emphasizes subjective imagination and personal expression rather than representing objects in a realistic or concrete way.

abstract field in mathematics

abstract painting; a style of art that uses shapes, colors, and textures rather than representing actual objects

An abstract word, representing a concept or quality rather than a physical object.

abstractionism; an art movement that rejects realistic representation of objects, instead using shapes, colors, and forms to express subjective ideas or emotions

(In Marxist economics) general human labor considered without regard to the specific form it takes, representing the expenditure of human brainpower and physical energy that creates the value of a commodity. It is often contrasted with [[具体劳动|具體勞動|ju4 ti3 lao2 dong4]].

A noun expressing a quality, state, or concept rather than a concrete object, such as [[智慧|智慧|zhi4 hui4]] or [[道德|道德|dao4 de2]].