A consonant produced by stopping the airflow and then releasing it slowly through a narrow gap, such as the sounds written as "z", "c", "zh", "ch", "j", and "q" in pinyin.

a type of consonant sound made by forcing air through a narrow channel in the mouth; also known as [[擦音|擦音|ca1 yin1]]

a consonant sound that begins as a stop and releases as a fricative

A sound produced when the tongue is positioned so that air friction is created along the sides of the tongue.

a consonant sound that begins as a stop and releases as a fricative

a speech sound produced by forcing air through a narrow opening between the teeth and the tongue, such as a sibilant

A type of consonant sound produced by narrowing the vocal cords so that the air passing through creates friction; includes sounds like the laryngeal or pharyngeal fricatives.