to put; to place; to lay down; to put in or add (an ingredient)

Used only in the object position to refer to a person or thing already mentioned, meaning "him", "her", "it", or "them".

the four borders of ancient China; (by extension) the whole world; the entire country

Connects an adverb-like description to the following verb to show the manner, cause, or basis of an action.

all; every; each and every; in all cases. Literary equivalent to 都 dōu.

(bound form) standard; norm; criterion; a rule to be followed