(bound form) to devote oneself to; to render service; to offer up

(literary) a humble way for a subordinate to refer to themselves when speaking to a ruler or superior, expressing a willingness to serve like an animal

Connects a describing word or phrase to the noun it describes, similar to 的 de but used in formal or literary writing.

(bound form) to work hard; to toil or labor; also refers to laborers or the working class