敦煌石窟
Dūn​huáng​shí​kū

Dunhuang caves

敦 dūn esteem

Phonosemantic compound. 享 represents the meaning and 攵 represents the sound. Simplified form of 㪟.

Components

享
享 Meaning component
xiǎng enjoy
攵
攵 Sound component
pū tap

攵 is a component form of 攴.

Character Evolution

Oracle form
Oracle Bone ~1250-1000 BC
Oracle form
Oracle Bone ~1250-1000 BC
Bronze form
Bronze Late Spring and Autumn ~500 BC
Bronze form
Bronze Warring States 475-221 BC
Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Qin 221-206 BC
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD
Regular Modern

Component uses

Sound (0 of 6 verified)

墩暾礅憝镦燉

Historical Pronunciations

Middle ChineseOld ChineseGloss
Baxter-Sagarttwojtˤur (dialect: *-r > *-j)manage, direct
twontˤursolid, thick; 敦煌 ~ 燉煌 Dūnhuáng
Zhengzhangtuːl
doːn
tuːn
tuːns
Unicodeduəi

說文解字

怒也。詆也。一曰誰何也。从攴𦎫聲。

Sources

Readings & variants
Unicode
Historical pronunciations
Baxter-SagartZhengzhang Shangfang
Historical images
Academia Sinica
Etymology
Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字)

煌 huáng bright

Phonosemantic compound. 火 represents the meaning and 皇 represents the sound.

Components

火
火 Meaning component
huǒ fire
皇
皇 Sound component
huáng royal

Character Evolution

Bronze form
Bronze Late Spring and Autumn ~500 BC
Bronze form
Bronze Late Spring and Autumn ~500 BC
Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Three Kingdoms (Cao Wei) 222-280 AD
Regular Modern

Historical Pronunciations

Middle ChineseOld ChineseGloss
Baxter-Sagarthwang[ɢ]ʷˤaŋbrilliant; 敦煌 Dūnhuáng
Zhengzhangɡʷaːŋ
Unicodehuɑng

說文解字

煌，煇也。从火皇聲。

Sources

Readings & variants
Unicode
Historical pronunciations
Baxter-SagartZhengzhang Shangfang
Historical images
Academia Sinica
Etymology
Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字)

石 shí stone

Pictograph of a musical stone chime. The 口 component was added later as a meaningless decorative mark.

Character Evolution

Oracle form
Oracle Bone ~1250-1000 BC
Oracle form
Oracle Bone ~1250-1000 BC
Bronze form
Bronze Mid Western Zhou ~900 BC
Seal form
Seal Warring States (Chu) 475-221 BC
Seal form
Seal Warring States (Chu) 475-221 BC
Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Qin 221-206 BC
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD
Regular Modern

Component uses

Meaning (19 of 116 verified)

确研破础硬码碰矿碎岩碍磨磁碗碧碑砍砖砸碌砂硫碳碟砰碱磅礁磷磕硝砌矶磋硅磊砾磺磐碉碘碾泵砚砥宕碴砧砷矾硼砺砭碣碛硒硎礴砣碜砒砦矸砝碇碚矽磬砩硪碓硐硷硗碡硌砻磔砗砹砀硖炻磙砜磴砬硭硇確砘砼砑磲碥碲砟礅矻礎磉礙硃礓礞礦砲碼硙磚磯礤碹碬礬硯

Sound (5 of 10 verified)

度拓硕庶橐斫柘炻跖碩

Iconic (4)

声段庶叚

Historical Pronunciations

Middle ChineseOld ChineseGloss
Baxter-SagartdzyekdAk stone

說文解字

《說文》：“石，山石也。在厂之下，口象形。”

Sources

Character origin
季旭昇《說文新證》p.727漢語多功能字庫
Readings & variants
Unicode
Historical pronunciations
Baxter-Sagart
Historical images
Academia Sinica
Etymology
Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字)

窟 kū hole

Phonosemantic compound. 穴 represents the meaning and 屈 represents the sound.

Components

穴
穴 Meaning component
xué, jué cave
屈
屈 Sound component
qū, qu bend

Historical Pronunciations

Middle ChineseOld ChineseGloss
Baxter-Sagartkhwot[kʰ]ˤutcave, hole
Zhengzhangkʰluːd
Unicodekuət

Sources

Readings & variants
Unicode
Historical pronunciations
Baxter-SagartZhengzhang Shangfang